Table 2. Non-technical skills (NTS) and attitudes for simulation I (pre) and II (post).

Groups	Pre/ post	NTS		Attitudes
		Means	SD	Means	SD
		Situation awareness		Command roles and responsibilities
NTS group	pre	1.17	±0.50	3.23	±0.50
	post	1.47	±0.48	3.24	±0.43
Control group	pre	1.18	±0.43	3.23	±0.34
	post	1.33	±0.58	3.38	±0.44
		Team working		Speaking up
NTS group	pre	1.37	±0.57	2.81	±0.71
	post	1.63	±0.36	2.85	±0.60
Control group	pre	1.31	±0.53	2.75	±0.68
	post	1.43	±0.43	2.82	±0.57
		Task management		Debriefing
NTS group	pre	1.40	±0.65	3.71	±0.40
	post	1.50	±0.52	3.57	±0.52
Control group	pre	1.30	±0.56	3.56	±0.53
	post	1.43	±0.54	3.59	±0.54
		Decision making		Feedback and critique
NTS group	pre	0.90	±0.58	3.63	±0.54
	post	1.15	±0.48	3.58	±0.76
Control group	pre	0.85	±0.58	3.59	±0.56
	post	1.15	±0.49	3.76	±0.50
				Realistic appraisal of stress
NTS group	pre	-	-	2.76	±0.86
	post	-	-	2.88	±0.82
Control group	pre	-	-	2.74	±0.59
	post	-	-	2.54	±0.84
				Denial of stress*
NTS group	pre	-	-	1.92	±0.99
	post	-	-	1.78	±0.95
Control group	pre	-	-	1.81	±0.78
	post	-	-	1.79	±0.91
				Handling errors
NTS group	pre	-	-	2.49	±0.87
	post	-	-	2.70	±0.69
Control group	pre	-	-	2.76	±0.63
	post	-	-	2.87	±0.56
				Teamwork
NTS group	pre	-	-	2.70	±0.63
	post	-	-	2.51	±0.69
Control group	pre	-	-	2.71	±0.64
	post	-	-	2.60	±0.69

Note: Scale for assessing NTS ranges from 0 to 3; and scale for assessing attitudes ranges from 0 to 4; *Low values indicate a positive attitude.