Table 4.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients by Total Cholesterol Recovery Status at 3 Months Post-LVAD Implantation
Variable | No Cholesterol Recovery* at 3 mo (n=64) | Cholesterol Recovery* at 3 mo (n=65) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|
Female sex | 7 (11%) | 13 (20%) | 0.22 |
Age, y | 62 (51, 69) | 53 (46, 61) | 0.001 |
HMII device | 57 (89%) | 61 (94%) | 0.36 |
Implanted with BTT strategy | 38 (59%) | 50 (77%) | 0.04 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 (22.8, 31.0) | 25.3 (22.1, 29.9) | 0.67 |
Baseline statin | 36 (56%) | 35 (54%) | 0.86 |
Ischemic HF cause | 40 (63%) | 24 (37%) | 0.005 |
Smoking history | 40 (63%) | 33 (51%) | 0.21 |
Hypertension history | 36 (56%) | 37 (57%) | 1.0 |
Diabetes mellitus history | 29 (45%) | 25 (38%) | 0.48 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 0.41 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.0 (9.1, 12.2) | 9.9 (8.6, 11.9) | 0.58 |
Platelets, 109/L | 183 (132, 243) | 178 (127, 240) | 0.76 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 135 (133, 137) | 134 (131, 137) | 0.19 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.3 (2.9, 3.8) | 3.3 (2.8, 3.7) | 0.64 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.3 (0.7, 2.1) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.7) | 0.22 |
ALT, U/L | 23 (17, 34) | 24 (17, 46) | 0.40 |
AST, U/L | 34 (21, 58) | 38 (25, 65) | 0.29 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 137 (113, 167) | 109 (94, 127) | <0.001 |
LDL, mg/dL | 68 (49, 119) | 62 (45, 72) | 0.03 |
HDL, mg/dL | 35 (29, 47) | 27 (21, 37) | 0.01 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 103 (77, 175) | 89 (72, 113) | 0.04 |
BNP, pg/mL | 1080 (377, 2043) | 1296 (787, 2277) | 0.38 |
HbA1c, % | 6.3 (5.8, 7.6) | 6.3 (5.9, 6.8) | 0.71 |
LVEF, % | 17.5 (13, 20) | 15 (12, 20) | 0.04 |
Duration of LVAD support, d | 419 (216, 882) | 427 (253, 840) | 0.84 |
Cardiac Transplanation | 28 (44%) | 34 (52%) | 0.38 |
Mortality during LVAD support | 24 (38%) | 10 (15%) | 0.005 |
Mortality during or after LVAD support | 30 (47%) | 12 (18%) | <0.001 |
Values expressed as median (25th, 75th percentiles) or value (percentage of group). Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests for continuations variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. ALT indicates alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BTT, bridge to transplantation; CAD, coronary artery disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HMII, Heartmate II; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
Recovery defined as change from baseline to 3 mo post implantation ≥median change.