Fig. 3. Effects of lycopene on the mRNA expression of COX-2 (A) and PGE₂ concentration (B) in LPS-stimulated SW480 cells.

Total RNA was isolated and real-time PCR was performed. PGE₂ concentration was measured at 405 nm by ELISA assay. Each graph represents the mean ± SE of three independent experiments. Comparison among concentration of lycopene that yielded significant differences at α = 0.05 as indicated by different letters above each graph by Duncan's multiple range test.