Table 2.
Marker-trait associations [p-Marker < 0.01; mixed linear model (Q + K)] detected in two environments Hainan and Hangzhou.
| Trait | Hainan | Hangzhou | Waxy background | SSIIa background | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hainan | Hangzhou | Hainan | Hangzhou | |||||||||
| Marker | p_Marker | Marker | p_Marker | Marker | p_Marker | Marker | p_Marker | Marker | p_Marker | Marker | p_Marker | |
| AAC | Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.19 × 10−19 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 5.58 × 10−7 | ||||||||
| AAC | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.08 × 10−21 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.06 × 10−8 | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.50 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 5.00 × 10−3 | ||||
| RM190 | 2.35 × 10−8 | RM190 | 8.98 × 10−4 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 5.60 × 10−3 | |||||||
| SSIIa GC/TT | 6.38 × 10−7 | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.01 × 10−4 | |||||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 2.32 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 1.00 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| Waxy-Exon 6 | 6.50 × 10−3 | Waxy-intron 1 | 6.10 × 10−3 | RM190 | 6.50 × 10−7 | |||||||
| GEL TEXTURE | ||||||||||||
| HD | RM190 | 5.14 × 10−13 | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.56 × 10−5 | SSIIa GC/TT | 6.80 × 10−− | RM190 | 1.76 × 10−11 | Isa3 A/G | 2.10 × 10−3 | ||
| Waxy-Exon 2 | 9.43 × 10−12 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.39 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.40 × 10−10 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 3.60 × 10−3 | |||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 5.11 × 10−4 | RM190 | 2.16 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 4.12 × 10−4 | SSIIc G/T | 3.90 × 10−3 | |||||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 3.11 × 10−4 | Waxy-intron 1 | 5.70 × 10−4 | RM190 | 6.20 × 10−3 | |||||||
| SSIIa GC/TT | 1.50 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 9.20 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| Isa3 A/G | 6.30 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| ADH | RM190 | 2.78 × 10−13 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 8.73 × 10−5 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 4.00 × 10−3 | L4−1 | 9.90 × 10−3 | RM190 | 6.03 × 10−12 | SSIIc G/T | 1.30 × 10−3 |
| Waxy−Exon 2 | 2.12 × 10−12 | SSIIa GC/TT | 4.35 × 10−4 | SBEIIa C/G | 6.20 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 8.66 × 10−11 | Waxy−Exon 2 | 1.60 × 10−3 | |||
| SSIIa GC/TT | 7.46 × 10−4 | RM190 | 5.77 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 4.40 × 10−3 | RM190 | 5.90 × 10−3 | |||||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 3.31 × 10−3 | SSIIc G/T | 3.80 × 10−3 | Isa3 A/G | 6.20 × 10−3 | |||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 5.50 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| COH | Waxy-Exon 2 | 3.85 × 10−8 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 7.72 × 10−6 | SSIIa GC/TT | 7.40 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.63 × 10−7 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 9.76 × 10−5 | ||
| SSIIc G/T | 5.20 × 10−3 | SSIIa GC/TT | 5.70 × 10−3 | SSIIc G/T | 2.07 × 10−4 | RM190 | 4.60 × 10−3 | |||||
| RM190 | 7.40 × 10−3 | AGPS2-2 | 4.80 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| PASTING VISCOSITY | ||||||||||||
| PV | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.13 × 10−5 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 9.00 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 8.72 × 10−7 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 5.10 × 10−3 | ||||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 4.38 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 2.76 × 10−4 | |||||||||
| HPV | Waxy-Exon 10 | 1.64 × 10−7 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 4.00 × 10−6 | SSIIa GC/TT | 1.60 × 10−3 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 5.54 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 4.07 × 10−8 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 1.41 × 10−6 |
| Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.25 × 10−5 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 2.70 × 10−3 | SBEIIb A/G | 5.20 × 10−3 | SSIIb Indel | 5.50 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.28 × 10−6 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.50 × 10−3 | |
| RM190 | 1.53 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 8.50 × 10−3 | SBEIIb A/G | 7.70 × 10−3 | RM190 | 7.39 × 10−5 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 8.40 × 10−3 | |||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 8.70 × 10−7 | |||||||||||
| CPV | Waxy-Exon 2 | 9.94 × 10−18 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.75 × 10−10 | SBEIIb A/G | 9.20 × 10−3 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 3.50 × 10−4 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.73 × 10−17 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 5.08 × 10−7 |
| RM190 | 1.14 × 10−8 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 2.70 × 10−5 | SSIIb Indel | 3.60 × 10−3 | RM190 | 2.02 × 10−8 | Waxy−Exon 10 | 3.58 × 10−5 | |||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 1.23 × 10−7 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 8.60 × 10−3 | SSIIb C/G | 8.10 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 1.94 × 10−7 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 6.50 × 10−3 | |||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 3.21 × 10−5 | SSIIb Indel | 9.20 × 10−3 | Waxy-intron 1 | 7.32 × 10−5 | SSIIb Indel | 8.10 × 10−3 | |||||
| CS | Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.63 × 10−21 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.09 × 10−8 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.67 × 10−19 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 7.45 × 10−7 | ||||
| RM190 | 2.98 × 10−8 | Waxy-intron 1 | 2.60 × 10−3 | RM190 | 2.39 × 10−7 | |||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 3.47 × 10−6 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 4.20 × 10−3 | Waxy-intron 1 | 7.85 × 10−5 | |||||||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 9.56 × 10−5 | SSIIa GC/TT | 5.90 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 10 | 1.40 × 10−4 | |||||||
| SSIIa GC/TT | 1.30 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| Waxy-Exon 6 | 9.50 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| SB | Waxy-intron 1 | 2.89 × 10−6 | Waxy-intron 1 | 7.40 × 10−3 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 3.00 × 10−3 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 9.10 × 10−3 | Waxy-intron 1 | 1.28 × 10−5 | Waxy-intron 1 | 7.50 × 10−3 |
| Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.08 × 10−5 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.50 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.03 × 10−5 | |||||||
| RM190 | 1.51 × 10−5 | |||||||||||
| SSIIa GC/TT | 7.00 × 10−3 | RM190 | 7.28 × 10−5 | |||||||||
| BD | SSIIa G/A | 6.10 × 10−3 | Waxy-intron 1 | 5.00 × 10−3 | ||||||||
| Ptime | Waxy-Exon 2 | 6.46 × 10−35 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.10 × 10−17 | SBEIIb A/G | 3.60 × 10−3 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 4.20 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.37 × 10−36 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.30 × 10−18 |
| RM190 | 5.66 × 10−4 | SSIIb-Indel | 3.70 × 10−3 | RM190 | 9.87 × 10−4 | |||||||
| Waxy-Exon 6 | 6.33 × 10−4 | SSIIa G/A | 3.70 × 10−3 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 1.00 × 10−3 | |||||||
| Waxy-Exon 10 | 8.90 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 7.40 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| PT | Waxy-Exon 2 | 6.93 × 10−10 | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.41 × 10−9 | SSIIa GC/TT | 4.31 × 10−7 | SSIIa GC/TT | 6.75 × 10−8 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 2.37 × 10−7 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.71 × 10−4 |
| SSIIa GC/TT | 1.20 × 10−9 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 9.36 × 10−6 | Waxy-Exon 6 | 7.12 × 10−4 | |||||||
| Waxy-Exon 6 | 4.11 × 10−4 | SSIIc G/T | 3.00 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| ISA3 A/G | 6.70 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| THERMAL PROPERTIES | ||||||||||||
| To | SSIIa GC/TT | 5.46 × 10−11 | SSIIa GC/TT | 5.52 × 10−14 | SSIIa GC/TT | 1.93 × 10−10 | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.55 × 10−13 | SSIIc G/T | 3.86 × 10−5 | Waxy-intron 1 | 5.20 × 10−3 |
| SSIIa G/A | 9.73 × 10−6 | SSIIa G/A | 3.10 × 10−3 | SSIIa G/A | 2.36 × 10−5 | SSIIa G/A | 6.30 × 10−3 | Waxy−intron 1 | 7.19 × 10−4 | |||
| Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.20 × 10−3 | SBEIIb-STS | 3.57 × 10−4 | |||||||||
| ISA3 A/G | 2.97 × 10−4 | |||||||||||
| AGPS2-2 | 1.20 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| SSIVb G/A | 9.10 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| Tp | SSIIa GC/TT | 2.19 × 10−12 | SSIIa GC/TT | 6.58 × 10−14 | SSIIa GC/TT | 1.57 × 10−12 | SSIIa GC/TT | 1.41 × 10−13 | SSIIc G/T | 3.77 × 10−5 | Waxy-intron 1 | 6.10 × 10−3 |
| SSIIa G/A | 4.17 × 10−4 | SSIIa G/A | 4.17 × 10−4 | SSIIa G/A | 6.69 × 10−4 | SBE1-STS | 1.06 × 10−4 | |||||
| ISA3 A/G | 2.95 × 10−4 | |||||||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 3.86 × 10−4 | |||||||||||
| SSIIb-Indel | 7.70 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| AGPS2-2 | 5.30 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| Tc | SSIIa GC/TT | 9.32 × 10−6 | SSIIa GC/TT | 5.28 × 10−10 | SSIIa GC/TT | 3.02 × 10−6 | SSIIa GC/TT | 9.47 × 10−11 | SSIIc G/T | 2.60 × 10−3 | ||
| SSIIa G/A | 7.15 × 10−4 | SSIIa G/A | 9.40 × 10−4 | SSIIb-Indel | 2.70 × 10−3 | |||||||
| Waxy-intron 1 | 9.00 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| ISA3 A/G | 9.80 × 10−3 | |||||||||||
| ΔT1/2 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.16 × 10−4 | SSIIa GC/TT | 1.08 × 10−7 | AGPS1 | 3.90 × 10−3 | SSIIa GC/TT | 4.65 × 10−7 | Waxy-Exon 2 | 1.70 × 10−3 | SSIVb G/A | 1.20 × 10−3 |
| SSIIa G/A | 2.00 × 10−4 | SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 9.30 × 10−4 | |||||||||
| RM190 | 1.20 × 10−3 | SSIIa G/A | 9.68 × 10−4 | |||||||||
| SSIIIb AG/AGAG | 1.90 × 10−3 | BEI−STS | 7.90 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| BEI-STS | 7.00 × 10−3 | SSIVb A/G | 8.70 × 10−3 | |||||||||
| ΔHg | SSIVb A/G | 9.50 × 10−3 | ||||||||||
| R | Waxy-Exon 2 | 4.90 × 10−3 | SSIIb Indel | 9.70 × 10−3 | SSIIb Indel | 3.90 × 10−3 | ||||||