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. 2017 Apr 3;7:45684. doi: 10.1038/srep45684

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Sample responses of the 5D model with and . Somatic voltage V_S, dendritic voltage V_D, dendritic Ca²⁺ current I_Ca, and internal current I_DS are plotted against time. The close-up shows that the Ca²⁺ conductance is activated when dendritic voltage V_D exceeds a threshold value. The sample response is also plotted in space (bottom panel). Color lines indicate the times at which the nullclines in (b) and (c) are calculated. Here dendritic input is . (b) Two-dimensional phase portraits in plane for . (c) Phase portraits in plane for . For (b) and (c), the V_S- and w-nullclines are respectively calculated at four time points indicated by colored lines in (a). Black dotted lines represent w-nullclines, which are the same at different time points. The inverted N-shape lines with other colors are the V_S-nullcline at the corresponding time point indicated in (a). With , the V_S-nullcline does not move over time. Gray solid line is the sample V_S trajectory of the recorded spike trains, and black arrows indicate the direction of its motion. ‘U’ indicates unstable fixed point. Somatic injection is .

Inline graphic — (a) Sample responses of the 5D model with and . Somatic voltage V_S, dendritic voltage V_D, dendritic Ca²⁺ current I_Ca, and internal current I_DS are plotted against time. The close-up shows that the Ca²⁺ conductance is activated when dendritic voltage V_D exceeds a threshold value. The sample response is also plotted in space (bottom panel). Color lines indicate the times at which the nullclines in (b) and (c) are calculated. Here dendritic input is . (b) Two-dimensional phase portraits in plane for . (c) Phase portraits in plane for . For (b) and (c), the V_S- and w-nullclines are respectively calculated at four time points indicated by colored lines in (a). Black dotted lines represent w-nullclines, which are the same at different time points. The inverted N-shape lines with other colors are the V_S-nullcline at the corresponding time point indicated in (a). With , the V_S-nullcline does not move over time. Gray solid line is the sample V_S trajectory of the recorded spike trains, and black arrows indicate the direction of its motion. ‘U’ indicates unstable fixed point. Somatic injection is .