Figure 3. Independent effects of (a) species identity and (b) core shape on bioirrigation activity (Δ[Br⁻], mg L⁻¹).

Negative values indicate increased bioirrigation activity. For clarity, jitter (a = 0.05) has been applied to the x = argument of the plot function to avoid over-plotting. HD = Hediste diversicolor, HU = Hydrobia ulvae, CV = Corophium volutator, and Mix = species mixture comprising equal proportions (biomass ratio, 1:1:1) of HD, HU and CV.