TABLE 1.
Concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria, bacterial and viral microbial source tracking markers, and enteric viruses per 3 μl of DNA/RNA extracted from beach water samples seeded with raw wastewater
Dilution and corresponding amt of raw wastewater into beach water samples | Concn (mean ± SD) (per 3 μl of DNA/RNA) ina: |
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ENT 23S (FIB) | Bacterial or viral MST marker |
Enteric virus |
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EC H8 | HF183 | nifH | HAdV | HPyV | PMMoV | HAdV 40/41 | HNoV | EV | ||
3 ml | 3.3 × 105 ± 1.3 × 105 | 4.2 × 105 ± 5.2 × 104 | 1.0 × 106 ±1.1 × 105 | 2.7 × 103 ± 8.3 × 102 | 2.0 × 103 ± 3.7 × 102 | 4.4 × 104 ± 5.8 × 103 | 2.6 × 103 ± 2.8 × 102 | 3.1 × 102 ± 1.7 × 102 | <PLOQ | 5.7 ×102 ± 2.6 ×102 |
10−1 (300 μl) | 6.1 × 104 ± 1.3 × 104 | 4.3 × 104 ± 9.8 × 103 | 2.2 × 105 ± 6.0 × 104 | 3.5 × 102 ± 6.0 × 101 | 2.3 × 102 ± 1.5 × 102 | 7.5 × 103 ± 6.8 × 103 | 6.0 × 102 ± 1.6 × 102 | 9.4 × 101 ± 4.1 × 101 | <PLOD | 7.0 ×101 ± 3.1 ×101 |
10−2 (30 μl) | 2.8 × 103 ± 2.3 × 103 | 1.6 × 103 ± 1.1 × 103 | 1.1 × 104 ± 7.4 × 103 | 1.3 × 101 ± 1.2 × 101 | 1.1 × 101 ± 9.9 × 100 | 8.0 × 102 ± 3.2 × 101 | 1.4 × 102 ± 5.2 × 101 | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
10−3 (3 μl) | 5.7 × 102 ± 3.7 × 102 | 3.8 × 102 ± 9.3 × 101 | 2.9 × 103 ± 8.1 × 102 | <PLOD | <PLOD | 9.1 × 101 ± 1.4 × 101 | 4.9 × 101 ± 2.4 × 101 | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
10−4 (300 nl) | 1.3 × 102 ± 4.4 × 101 | 1.0 × 102 ± 4.3 × 101 | 6.7 × 102 ± 3.3 × 102 | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
10−5 (30 nl) | 3.2 × 101 ± 1.5 × 101 | <PLOD | 2.9 × 102 ± 2.1 × 102 | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
10−6 (3 nl) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 5.2 × 101 ± 7.9 × 101 | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
FIB, fecal indicator bacteria; MST, microbial source tracking; PLOQ, process limit of quantification; PLOD, process limit of detection.