TABLE 3.
Prevalence and concentrations of ENT 23S, HF183, and enteric viruses in environmental water and sand samples collected from 12 recreational beaches in South East Queensland, Australia
| Sampling site | Matrix | No. of positive samples/no. of samples tested (concn per 100 ml of water or per g of sand [wet wt])a |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FIB (ENT 23S) | Bacterial or viral MST marker |
Enteric virus (EV) | ||||
| HF183 | HAdV | PMMoV | ||||
| Breakwater Park | Water | 3/3 (1.2 × 103 ± 6.5 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 1/3 (<PLOQ) | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (7.5 × 103 ± 2.2 × 102) | 2/3 (3.6 × 102) | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Bribie Island | Water | 2/3 (8.7 × 101) | 2/3 (2.8 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (1.2 × 102 ± 1.8 × 102) | 1/3 (2.9 × 103) | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Deception Bay | Water | 3/3 (3.8 × 103 ± 7.3 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 1/3 (3.6 × 103) | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (1.1 × 102 ± 3.2 × 102) | 3/3 (<PLOQ) | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Godwin Beach | Water | 1/3 (1.4 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 1/3 (5.6 × 103) | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (8.5 × 103 ± 6.3 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Jabiru Island | Water | 3/3 (4.7 × 102 ± 3.2 × 102) | 3/3 (2.5 × 102 ± 1.9 ×102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (3.7 × 103 ± 4.5 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Labrador | Water | 1/3 (4.1 × 101) | 1/3 (1.8 ×103) | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (4.4 × 103 ± 2.4 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Pandanus Beach | Water | 2/3 (2.2 × 102) | <PLOD | 1/3 (<PLOQ) | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (2.1 × 104 ± 1.0 × 104) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Paradise Point | Water | 2/3 (1.8 × 102) | 2/3 (1.7 × 103) | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | <PLODa | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Sandstone Point | Water | 3/3 (3.3 × 102 ± 1.8 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD | <PLOD |
| Sand | 2/3 (2.5 × 102) | 1/3 (4.1 × 103) | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Scarborough | Water | 3/3 (3.3 × 102 ± 9.5 × 101) | 2/3 (2.5 × 102) | <PLOD | 1/3 (8.6 × 103) | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (6.3 × 102 ± 2.4 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Shorncliffe | Water | 2/3 (2.3 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 2/3 (5.7 × 103) | <PLOD |
| Sand | 3/3 (2.7 × 103 ± 3.9 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
| Southport | Water | <PLOD | 1/3 (1.3 × 102) | <PLOD | <PLOD | 1/3 (<PLOQ) |
| Sand | 3/3 (8.1 × 103 ± 2.0 × 103) | <PLOD | <PLOD | NT | NT | |
a
FIB, fecal indicator bacteria; MST, microbial source tracking; PLOD, process limit of detection; PLOQ, process limit of quantification; NT, not tested.