Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Investigation Findings According to the Presence or Absence of Silent MI
| Silent MI | No Silent MI | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 17 | 83 | |
| Age, y | 65.4 ± 9.2 | 59.8 ± 11.0 | .05 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 16 (94) | 66 (80) | .30 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 ± 3.1 | 28.9 ± 4.6 | .32 |
| Duration of diabetes, y | 4.1 ± 4.1 | 5.2 ± 4.4 | .24 |
| Current HbA1c, mmol/mol | 57.1 ± 12.5 | 64.3 ± 20.6 | .23 |
| Median HbA1c since diagnosis, mmol/mol | 63.3 ± 10.9 | 64.8 ± 18.2 | .77 |
| 24-h systolic BP, mm Hg | 135.3 ± 15.9 | 130.8 ± 14.7 | .24 |
| 24-h diastolic BP, mm Hg | 72.5 ± 10.1 | 72.7 ± 8.9 | .89 |
| Total cholesterol | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | .69 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4 (24) | 11 (13) | .28 |
| Ethnicity | .84 | ||
| White British | 12 (71) | 60 (72) | |
| South Asian | 4 (24) | 15 (18) | |
| Black | 1 (6) | 5 (6) | |
| Othera | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | |
| Metformin, n (%) | 13 (76) | 74 (89) | .23 |
| Sulphonylurea, n (%) | 5 (29) | 28 (38) | 1.0 |
| Gliptin, n (%) | 2 (12) | 9 (11) | 1.0 |
| Exenatide, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1.0 |
| Glitazone, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1.0 |
| Repaglinide, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1.0 |
| Dapagliflozin, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1.0 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 0 | 0 | — |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 0 | 0 | — |
| β blocker, n (%) | 2 (12) | 2 (2) | .13 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 4 (24) | 6 (7) | .06 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 1 (6) | 4 (5) | 1.0 |
| Statin, n (%) | 14 (82) | 56 (68) | .26 |
| Fibrate, n (%) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Ezetimibe, n (%) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 2 (12) | 16 (20) | .73 |
| CMR | |||
| LVEDV, ml | 140.5 ± 39.1 | 150.0 ± 32.8 | .30 |
| LVEDV index, ml/m2 | 70.4 ± 17.1 | 74.5 ± 13.4 | .27 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 58.0 ± 9.7 | 61.7 ± 4.9 | .30 |
| LV mass, g | 102.5 ± 16.3 | 95.0 ± 21.0 | .34 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 51.4 ± 6.5 | 47.2 ± 8.7 | .01 |
| LA volumes, ml | 89.0 ± 31.6 | 88.5 ± 16.8 | .93 |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 44.9 ± 15.9 | 44.2 ± 7.7 | .87 |
| Feature tracking | |||
| GLS | −15.2 ± 3.7 | −17.7 ± 3.1 | .004 |
| SSR | −93.8 ± 31.8 | −111.2 ± 42 | .04 |
| EDSR | 64.1 ± 16.6 | 84.0 ± 33.1 | .02 |
| LDSR | 87.4 ± 39.9 | 91.4 ± 41.2 | .89 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| E/A ratio | 0.75 ± 0.30 | 0.89 ± 0.30 | .03 |
| E/E′ average | 7.4 ± 2.4 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | .96 |
| S′ average, cm/s | 9.8 ± 2.2 | 9.5 ± 1.8 | .72 |
| Electrocardiography | |||
| Q waves (%) | 4 (24) | 6 (7) | .06 |
| Biomarker findings | |||
| hs-cTnT, ng/liter | 7.5 ± 4.1 | 7.4 ± 5.4 | .42 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/liter | 105.8 ± 132.2 | 51.9 ± 100.8 | .003 |
| hs-CRP, mg/liter | 3.5 ± 3.5 | 3.7 ± 5.9 | .57 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; EDSR, early diastolic strain rate; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LA, left atrial; LDSR, late diastolic strain rate; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SSR, systolic strain rate. aOther ethnicities; 1 Turkish, 1 Polish, and 1 Latin American.