FIGURE 1.

Relation between NO-induced GAPDH aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. A, effect of treatment with the indicated concentrations of NOC18 for 48 h on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3–5). B, concentration-dependent effect of NOC18 treatment in SH-SY5Y cells on the formation of insoluble GAPDH oligomers. Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of NOC18 for 48 h followed by insoluble fractionation and subsequent non-reduced Western blotting (WB). C, concentration-dependent effect of NOC18 treatment on mitochondrial depolarization measured by Rho 123 fluorescence. Fluorescence images of cells treated with vehicle or 200 μm NOC18 are shown in the top panels. The graph represents Rho 123 fluorescence of cells treated with the indicated concentrations of NOC18. Values were normalized by the number of cells stained with Hoechst 33342. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, relative to vehicle treatment, Dunnett's test. Scale bar, 10 μm. D, correlation between the amount of GAPDH oligomers and Rho 123 fluorescence (R² = 0.8036).