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. 2017 Jan 13;292(12):5110–5122. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.751602

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© 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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FIGURE 9. — Proposed mechanism for the SMS1 regulation of TG synthesis. The figure illustrates the main pathways for glycerolipid and sphingolipid synthesis and their respective localization in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Chronic increases in SMS1 in the trans-Golgi generate a signal of enhanced utilization of PC, resulting in the stimulation of PC synthesis in the ER via CEPT1. As a result, the pool of DG substrate available for TG synthesis is diminished, causing a decline in TG synthesis. A change in the fatty acid composition of available DG substrate might also influence its metabolic conversion toward PC rather than TG synthesis due to different substrate preferences of CEPT1 and DGAT1 (see “Discussion”). Also shown are the two routes for utilization of palmitic acid in sphingolipid and glycerolipid synthesis. CERS, ceramide synthase; DGK1, diacylglycerol kinase 1; GlcCer, glucosylceramide; GPAT, glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase; LPAT, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase; PA, phosphatidic acid; PAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase.