Table 4.
Self-administered computerized TAPS Tool v. ASSIST (N=2,000)
| Positive on ASSIST N (%) |
Positive on TAPS N (%) |
Sensitivity (95 % Wilson Score CI)1 | Specificity (95 % Wilson Score CI) | PPV2 (95 % Wilson Score CI) | NPV3 (95 % Wilson Score CI) | AUC4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Risk on the ASSIST5 (TAPS Cut-Point = 2) | |||||||
| Tobacco | 115 (0.06) | 539 (0.27) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.94) | 0.77 (0.75, 0.79) | 0.19 (0.16, 0.23) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.83 |
| Alcohol | 69 (0.03) | 470 (0.24) | 0.91 (0.82, 0.96) | 0.79 (0.77, 0.81) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.85 |
| Marijuana | 27 (0.01) | 190 (0.10) | 0.96 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.20) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.94 |
| Cocaine, meth | 33 (0.02) | 81 (0.04) | 0.91 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.48) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.94 |
| Rx stimulant | 4 (0.00) | 10 (0.01) | 0.25 (0.05, 0.70) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.40) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.62 |
| Total Stimulants (Cocaine, meth & Rx stimulant) | 33 (0.02) | 88 (0.04) | 0.91 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.34 (0.25, 0.44) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.94 |
| Heroin | 39 (0.02) | 47 (0.02) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.89) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.66 (0.52, 0.78) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.89 |
| Rx opioids | 39 (0.02) | 41 (0.02) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.73) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.56 (0.41, 0.70) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.79 |
| Total Opioids (heroin & Rx opioids) | 39 (0.02) | 67 (0.03) | 0.92 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.54 (0.42, 0.65) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.95 |
| Sedative | 8 (0.00) | 55 (0.03) | 0.75 (0.41, 0.93) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.22) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.86 |
| Moderate Risk of Higher on the ASSIST6 (TAPS Cut-Point = 1) | |||||||
| Tobacco | 900 (0.45) | 766 (0.38) | 0.81 (0.78, 0.83) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.88) | 0.89 |
| Alcohol | 283 (0.14) | 713 (0.36) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.88) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.33 (0.30, 0.37) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.78 |
| Marijuana | 376 (0.19) | 312 (0.16) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.74) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.89) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) | 0.84 |
| Cocaine, meth | 262 (0.13) | 112 (0.06) | 0.39 (0.33, 0.45) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.94) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) | 0.69 |
| Rx stimulant | 56 (0.03) | 19 (0.01) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.25) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.42 (0.23, 0.64) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.57 |
| Total Stimulants (Cocaine, meth & Rx stimulant) | 262 (0.13) | 124 (0.06) | 0.40 (0.34, 0.46) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.89) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | 0.69 |
| Heroin | 181 (0.09) | 59 (0.03) | 0.31 (0.25, 0.38) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.95 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) | 0.65 |
| Rx opioids | 181 (0.09) | 81 (0.04) | 0.28 (0.22, 0.35) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.72) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) | 0.63 |
| Total Opioids (heroin & Rx opioids) | 181 (0.09) | 113 (0.06) | 0.44 (0.37, 0.51) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.70 (0.61, 0.78) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) | 0.71 |
| Sedative | 92 (0.05) | 81 (0.04) | 0.52 (0.42, 0.62) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.59 (0.48, 0.69) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.75 |
Notes. Rx= prescription. Meth=methamphetamine. Cut-off of 1 on high risk ASSIST score for select substances as follows: cocaine/methamphetamine = 0.96; total stimulants = 0.96; heroin = 0.93; prescription opioids = 0.895; total opioids = 0.98. Cut off of 2 on moderate risk or higher ASSIST score for alcohol = 0.81.
Wilson Score CI = Wilson Score Confidence Intervals
PPV = Positive Predictive Value
NPV = Negative Predictive Value
AUC = Area Under the Curve
High Risk on the ASSIST for tobacco, alcohol and all drugs ≥ 27.
Moderate Risk on the ASSIST for tobacco and all drugs = 4 – 26; Moderate Risk for alcohol = 11–26
Tobacco n = 900 (in contrast to Table 2 in which n = 901) because of missing data.