Table 1.

A summary of positive and negative regulators of regulatory T cell (Treg) and Th17 cell response in different species.

Species	Tregs		CD4+ T cells that produce IL-17
	Promoting factors	Inhibiting factors	Promoting factors	Inhibiting factors
Mouse	IL-2	IL-6	IL-6	TGF-β (high concentration)
	TGF-β	TNF-α	TGF-β (low concentration)	IL-2
	IL-10	IL-1β	IL-21	IL-4
	Lower affinity of TCR		IL-23	IL-12
			Saturated fatty acids	IFN-γ
			IL-1β	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
				Estradiol
Human	Antigen or mitogen	IL-6	IL-6	TGF-β
	IL-2	IL-21	TGF-β (low concentrated)	IL-4
	TGF-β	IL-23	IL-21	IL-12
		IL-17	IL-23	IFN-γ
		TNF-α
		IL-1β
		RANTES
Canine (dogs)	Con-A	IL-6	IL-6	TGF-β
	IL-2	IL-1β	IL-1β
	TGF-β		TFG-β
	IL-10
Feline (cats)	Mitogens	IL-6	IL-1β	TGF-β
	LPS and flagellin	IL-1β	IL-6	IL-10
	IL-2		TGF-β
			IL-21
Bovine	Antigen or mitogens along with IL-10, TGF-β	IL-6	IL-23	Progesterone, IFN-γ