TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline of Caucasian ADVANCE genotyped study participants stratified by ethnic origin
| Trait | All (n = 3409) Mean (SD) or % | Celtic (n = 2307) Mean (SD) or % | Slavic (n = 1102) Mean (SD) or % | P Value |
| Age (years) | 67.3 (6.6) | 68.0 (6.6) | 65.9 (6.6) | 1.9 × 10–16 |
| Men (sex) | 64.7 | 69.8 | 54.0 | 5.8 × 10–19 |
| Age at diagnosis of diabetes (years) | 60.1 (8.5) | 61.0 (6.1) | 58.2 (6.1) | 7.3 × 10–20 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6.7 (6.1) | 6.4 (6.1) | 7.4 (6.1) | 2.9 × 10–6 |
| BMI | 30.1 (5.1) | 30.1 (5.0) | 30.0 (5.0) | 7.6 × 10–1 |
| Blood glucose assessment | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 13.4 (2.7) | 13.4 (2.8) | 13.4 (2.8) | 7.5 × 10–1 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 18.8 (4.6) | 18.8 (4.6) | 18.8 (4.7) | 7.2 × 10–1 |
| Blood pressure assessment | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 185.5 (30.3) | 182.0 (30.0) | 192.8 (30.2) | 4.5 × 10–22 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 103.6 (16.7) | 101.4 (16.5) | 108.3 (16.7) | 5.3 × 10–29 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 94 (16) | 92 (16) | 98 (16) | 3.0 × 10–21 |
| Currently treated hypertensionc | 60.0 | 53.0 | 74.6 | 4.9 × 10–31 |
| Renal function assessment | ||||
| eGFRCKD-EPI (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 69.6 (17.9) | 70.9 (15.8) | 66.8 (15.9) | 1.2 × 10–11 |
| UACR (μg/mg) | 78.1 (155) | 63.5 (152) | 96.7 (153) | 5.1 × 10–9 |
| Microalbuminuriaa | 25.4 | 23.7 | 28.9 | 1.7 × 10–3 |
| Macroalbuminuriab | 5.4 | 4.0 | 7.6 | 3.6 × 10–5 |
Age and age at diagnosis of diabetes are adjusted for sex; diabetes duration, BMI, currently treated hypertension and micro and macroalbuminuria are adjusted for age and sex; all others traits are adjusted for age, sex, and respective treatments.
eGFRCKD-EPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; HbA1c, serum glycated hemoglobin; UACR, urinary albumin–creatinine ratio.
aUrinary albumin–creatinine ratio between 30 and 300 μg/mg.
bUrinary albumin–creatinine ratio >300 μg/mg.
cBlood pressure >140/90 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive treatment