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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Dig Dis. 2016 Mar 16;34(1-2):27–34. doi: 10.1159/000442921

Figure 2. The stepwise process of autophagy and sites of dysfunction in IBD. (A).

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the intestinal border. Numbers indicate affected sites due to autophagic dysfunction in IBD. (1) Goblet cell function and mucus layer. (2) Paneth cell function. (3) bacterial clearance, ER stress response (not shown). (4) Cytokine production. (5) Antigen presentation by intestinal dendritic cells. (B) Overview of the stepwise process of autophagy. See text for detailed explanation.