Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory features of the siblings
| Patient/Current Age/Sex | S1/31 y/M | S2/27 y/F | S3/26 y/F |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at seizure onset | 17 y | 16 y | 14 y |
| Seizure type, age at onset | MYO 17y, GTC 26y, FS 3y | MYO 16y, ABS 16y | MYO 14y, ABS 15y, GTC 14y |
| Tremor; age at onset, dominant side | 16, Left >Right | 16, Left >Right | 13–14, Left >Right |
| Migraine without aura | + | + | + |
| Psychiatric features | + D | + A | + D, A |
| Medications | VPA | VPA, LTG | VPA, LTG, LEV |
| EEG | Asymmetric 4–5 GSW and PSW Increase in HV Background activity: 9–10 Hz | 4–5 Hz GSW Induced by IPS Background activity: 9–10 Hz | 5–6 Hz GSW and PSW Induced by HV and IPS Background activity: 8–9 Hz |
| MRI | Normal | Pituitary microadenoma (subclinical) | Normal |
| Last Medication | VPA 1250 mg/day | VPA 1000 mg/day | VPA 500 mg/day + LEV1500 mg/day |
| Frequency of seizures (at presentation) | 1 MYO/Week | 1 MYO/Day 1–2 ABS/Month | 1–2 MYO/Day |
| Frequency of seizures (last medication) | 1 MYO/Month | 1 MYO/Month | 3–4 MYO/Month |
M: male; F: female; Y: years; MYO: myoclonus; ABS: absence; GTC: Generalized Tonic-Clonic; FS: Febrile Seizures; D: depression; A: anxiety; VPA: Na-Valproate; LTG: lamotrigine; LEV: levetiracetam; GSW: generalized spike and waves; PSW: polyspike and waves; HV: hyperventilation; IPS: intermittent photic stimulation; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging