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Common experimental methods used to evaluate the major criteria for cancer stem cells (CSCs)
| Criteria for CSCs | Experimental system | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor formation assays 
|
Lineage tracing experiments 
|
Flow cytometry analyses 
|
Tumor‐derived spheroids 
|
|
| In vivo tumorigenicity | + | + | − | − |
| Self‐renewal | + | + | − | + |
| Capable of differentiation | + | + | − | ± |
| Expression of specific CSC markers | + | + | + | + |
| Capable of spheroid formation | − | − | − | + |
