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. 2017 Apr 3;12(4):e0172827. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172827

Table 2. Bivariate analysis to identify characteristics associated with final MKSAP® score.

Parameter N Final MKSAP® Score P
mean (SD)
N = 55
Group <0.001
Control 24 48 (10)
Tablet 31 59 (10)
Baseline score 0.117
 • < = 50 26 50 (10)
 • 51+ 29 55 (12)
Gender 0.161
 • Male 20 56 (12)
 • Female 35 51 (10)
Age
 • < = 27 19 54 (10) 0.599
 • 28 18 53 (13)
 • 29+ 18 51 (10)
Nationality
 • German 50 53 (11) 0.717
 • other 5 51 (13)
Education Level
 • Student 36 53 (12) 0.887
 • Resident 19 53 (9)
Exposure to foreign medical education
Familiar with USMLE® Exam 39 53 (11) 0.633
Not familiar 16 52 (11)
Received training in a foreign country 23 50 (10) 0.157
Training only in home country 32 55 (11)
Received training in the US 3 49 (3) 0.085
No training in USA 52 53 (11)
Computer affinity
Number of computers owned 0.11
 • 1 37 51 (11)
 • 2 or 3 18 56 (11)
Current computer type in use 0.883
 • Desktop only 0 -
 • Notebook/Laptop only 26 53 (11)
 • Both desktop and notebook/laptop 29 53 (11)
Portable computer knowledge
 • Tablet PC knowledge 28 55 (11) 0.083
 • No tablet pc knowledge 27 50 (10)
 • Smartphone usage 13 55 (12) 0.515
 • No smartphone usage 42 52 (10)
Main computer usage location
 • Home 53 53 (11) 0.415
 • Not home 2 59 (7)
 • Work 44 54 (11) 0.066
 • Not at work 11 47 (10)
 • Campus 13 54 (13) 0.735
 • Not at campus 42 53 (10)
Current exposure to eLearning
Years of eLearning experience
 • < 1 year 26 51 (11) 0.262
 • 1 year 15 52 (9)
 • > 1 year 14 57 (13)
eBook use
 • yes 11 51 (9) 0.558
 • no 44 53 (11)
Resources used for problem solving
 • Article 40 52 (10) 0.605
 • No article 15 54 (13)
 • Book catalogue 34 52 (11) 0.414
 • No book catalogue 21 54 (11)
 • Virtual Library 30 52 (10) 0.358
 • No virtual library 25 54 (11)
 • eBook 7 54 (7) 0.656
 • No ebook 48 53 (11)
 • eLearning 1 58
 • No eLearning 54 53 (11)
 • Other resource 4 48 (10) 0.356
 • No other 51 53 (11)
 • No resources 15 54 (13) 0.56
 • At least one of the above 40 52 (10)
Search Engine used for problem solving
 • Google 48 53 (11) 0.793
7 52 (8)
 • Pubmed 54 52 (11)
1 71
 • Wikipedia 26 54 (12) 0.63
29 52 (10)
 • Other Search Engine 17 51 (12) 0.487
38 54 (10)
Self-rated medical knowledge (internal medicine)
 • Excellent 1 68 <0.001
 • Good 19 60 (9)
 • Passable 31 48 (9)
 • Adequate 4 54 (12)
 • Failure