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Preconditioning with thrombin has little effect on LPS and TNF-α signaling in endothelial cells. A, B) HUVEC cells were serum starved for 6 h, preconditioned in the absence or presence of 1.5 U/ml thrombin for 14 h, and then treated with or without thrombin (1.5 U/ml), TNF-α (20 ng/ml), or LPS (10 µg/ml). RNase protection assays were carried out as in Fig. 1.
