Non-asthmatic ASM cells were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of transcription factors NFκB, AP1, and STAT6: NFκB was inhibited with 20μM SN-50, AP1 with 1μM SR11302, and STAT6 with 20nM AS1517499. After 2h, cells were exposed to either 20ng/ml TNFα or 50ng/ml IL-13 for 48h before total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed. The resultant cDNA was subjected to qPCR to measure the expression of full-length ERα (ERα-FL) or ERβ variant 1. (A) Perturbing any of the transcription factor signals blocked TNFα-induced augmentation of ERα-FL expression. None of the inhibitors except the AP-1 blocker caused a significant change in ERα-FL expression, after IL-13 treatment. (B) In the case of ERβ, inhibiting any of the transcription factor signals decreased both TNFα- and IL-13-induced augmentation of ERβ-V1 expression. N=4, each group; *indicates significant difference from vehicle; ‘No Treatment’ control; #indicates significant difference between the vehicle and the TNFα/ IL-13-treated groups; P<0.05.