TABLE 2.

Adjusted Mental Health and Daytime Function by Types of Caregiving Causing Sleep Problems

	Group 1 (n = 59)	Group 2 (n = 95)	Group 3 (n = 1,323)	p value
Mental health*	5.0†‡ (4.2, 5.9)	3.9 (3.2, 4.6)	4.0 (3.9, 4.2)	< 0.001
Daytime function**	6.5†‡ (5.9, 7.1)	5.7 (5.2, 6.2)	5.8 (5.6, 5.9)	< 0.001

Note. Group 1 (trouble sleeping because of needing to care for a sick or disabled adult), Group 2 (trouble sleeping because of needing to care for an infant or child), and Group 3 (all other respondents, i.e., no trouble sleeping due to caregiving, trouble sleeping due to other causes, no trouble sleeping, or not a caregiver).

A model adjusted for age, race (white versus others, black versus others), marital status, employment status, self-rated health, comorbidity, physical activity, use of sleep medication, and history of sleep apnea.

^†p < 0.05 compared with group 2;

^‡p < 0.05 compared with group 3.

^*Measured with PHQ-4 (range 0–12); higher scores indicate greater anxiety or depression.

^**Measured with 11-item scale (range 0–11); higher scores indicate worse function or more impairment.

Note. Numbers in parentheses are 95% CI for adjusted means.