Table I.

Characteristics of women with vaginal swabs tested for Y chromosomal DNA and correlates of Y chromosomal DNA detection

	N (%) among women using DMPA	N (%) among women using no hormonal contraception	N (%) with Y chromosomal detected	OR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value
Contraception
DMPA	213	--	73 (34.3)	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	0.3	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.2
No hormonal contraception	--	215	64 (29.8)	1.00
Age, years
Age <25	23 (10.8)	22 (10.2)	16 (35.6)	1.00
Age ≥25	190 (89.2)	193 (89.8)	121 (31.6)	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	0.6	1.2 (0.6–2.5)	0.6
Marital status*
Married	212 (99.5)	215 (100)	137 (32.1)
Not married	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0.0)
Total number of children
No children	4 (1.9)	9 (4.2)	8 (61.5)	3.8 (1.2–11.8)	0.02	4.2 (1.3–13.5)	0.02
Has 1 child	16 (7.5)	23 (10.7)	17 (43.6)	1.8 (0.9–3.6)	0.08	2.0 (1.0–4.2)	0.06
Has ≥2 children	193 (90.6)	183 (85.1)	112 (29.8)	1.00		1.00
Study randomization arm
Active PrEP arm	147 (69.0)	161 (74.9)	95 (30.8)	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.4
Placebo arm	66 (31.0)	54 (25.1)	42 (35.0)	1.00
Medical characteristics
STI treated at visit**	11 (5.4)	11 (5.2)	9 (40.9)	1.5 (0.6–3.6)	0.4
No STI treatment at visit	194 (94.6)	200 (94.8)	125 (31.7)	1.00
Sexual frequency with study partner, past month
Reported 1–3 vaginal sex acts	106 (49.7)	111 (51.6)	67 (30.9)	1.00
Reported 4–9 vaginal sex acts	83 (39.0)	85 (39.5)	57 (33.9)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.5	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	0.6
Reported ≥10 vaginal sex acts	24 (11.3)	19 (8.8)	13 (30.2)	1.0 (0.5–2.0)	0.9	0.9 (0.4–1.9)	0.8
Additional partners, past month*
At least 1 additional partner	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	1 (100.0)
No additional partner	212 (99.5)	215 (100)	136 (319.9)

^*There is not enough variation in marital status or reports of additional partners to run these in logistic regression models.

^**STI treatment includes treatment of syndromically or etiologically diagnosed genital ulcer disease, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis or vaginal candidiasis.