Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Variable | Full sample | Only children | Non-only children |
|---|---|---|---|
| Only children (%) | 32 | — | — |
| STUDENTS' DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| Gender (%) | |||
| Boys | 53 | 58 | 50 |
| Girls | 47 | 42 | 50 |
| Grade (%) | |||
| Seven | 53 | 51 | 54 |
| Eight | 47 | 49 | 46 |
| Region (%) | |||
| Urban | 44 | 79 | 28 |
| Rural | 56 | 21 | 72 |
| Boarding Condition (%) | |||
| Home | 60 | 70 | 55 |
| School | 40 | 30 | 45 |
| Generation (%) | |||
| Three | 13 | 17 | 12 |
| Two | 87 | 83 | 88 |
| FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| Father's education (%) | |||
| Lower-educated | 51 | 23 | 64 |
| Middle-educated | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Higher-educated | 25 | 53 | 12 |
| Mother's education (%) | |||
| Lower-educated | 58 | 25 | 73 |
| Middle-educated | 21 | 26 | 18 |
| Higher-educated | 22 | 49 | 9 |
| Parents' expectation (%) | |||
| Lower-expected | 13 | 7 | 16 |
| Middle-expected | 33 | 30 | 34 |
| Higher-expected | 54 | 63 | 50 |
| Socio-economic status (SES) (%) | |||
| Lower-income | 46 | 27 | 55 |
| Middle-income | 35 | 46 | 30 |
| Higher-income | 19 | 27 | 15 |
| Family structure (%) | |||
| Broken | 20 | 22 | 20 |
| Intact | 80 | 78 | 80 |
| N | 5,752 | 1,827 | 3,925 |
Chi-square tests of the proportion between only children and non-only children in each moderating demographic group were used. Figures in italics indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05.