Table 3.
Only-GD; n = 416 | GD+FA; n = 42 | ANOVA adjusted by sex-age | FA-raw-total scorea | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | F(1, 454) | p | |d| | r | p | ||
Number addictive games | 1.04 | 0.33 | 1.05 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.864 | 0.03 | 0.045 | 0.340 | |
Maximum bets (euros) | 2,301 | 16,629 | 1,005 | 4,095 | 12,95.2 | 0.23 | 0.633 | 0.11 | 0.088 | 0.059 | |
Mean bets (euros) | 181.08 | 940.32 | 56.59 | 127.87 | 124.49 | 0.66 | 0.417 | 0.19 | −0.027 | 0.569 | |
Cumulate debts (euros) | 12,448 | 50,753 | 7,542 | 29,054 | 4906.1 | 0.34 | 0.558 | 0.12 | −0.009 | 0.845 | |
DSM-5: total criteria | α = 0.74 | 6.88 | 2.15 | 7.39 | 2.21 | 0.52 | 1.99 | 0.159 | 0.24 | 0.086 | 0.065 |
SOGS: total score | α = 0.73 | 10.00 | 3.15 | 10.43 | 3.36 | 0.43 | 0.64 | 0.425 | 0.13 | 0.034 | 0.463 |
SCL-90R: Somatization | α = 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 1.70 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 30.43 | <0.001* | 0.81† | 0.263 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Obsessive/comp. | α = 0.87 | 1.13 | 0.83 | 1.84 | 1.06 | 0.70 | 24.53 | <0.001* | 0.74† | 0.220 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Sensitivity | α = 0.87 | 1.05 | 0.85 | 1.72 | 1.08 | 0.67 | 21.06 | <0.001* | 0.68† | 0.210 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Depressive | α = 0.91 | 1.55 | 0.95 | 2.18 | 1.08 | 0.64 | 15.89 | <0.001* | 0.63† | 0.185 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Anxiety | α = 0.89 | 1.02 | 0.82 | 1.77 | 1.14 | 0.76 | 28.16 | <0.001* | 0.76† | 0.255 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Hostility | α = 0.83 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 1.48 | 1.09 | 0.55 | 14.56 | <0.001* | 0.57† | 0.157 | 0.001* |
SCL-90R: Phobic anxiety | α = 0.83 | 0.46 | 0.66 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 0.64 | 27.24 | <0.001* | 0.66† | 0.240 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Paranoid | α = 0.78 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 1.56 | 1.06 | 0.60 | 19.63 | <0.001* | 0.65† | 0.214 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: Psychotic | α = 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.77 | 1.53 | 0.89 | 0.63 | 22.56 | <0.001* | 0.75† | 0.236 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: GSI score | α = 0.98 | 1.07 | 0.71 | 1.74 | 0.94 | 0.68 | 30.13 | <0.001* | 0.81† | 0.258 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: PST score | α = 0.98 | 46.96 | 21.35 | 61.81 | 19.48 | 14.85 | 17.29 | <0.001* | 0.73† | 0.188 | <0.001* |
SCL-90R: PSDI score | α = 0.98 | 1.87 | 0.59 | 2.34 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 21.96 | <0.001* | 0.72† | 0.261 | <0.001* |
TCI-R: Novelty seeking | α = 0.73 | 108.89 | 14.68 | 109.99 | 13.43 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.762 | 0.08 | 0.088 | 0.060 |
TCI-R: Harm avoidance | α = 0.83 | 101.03 | 17.45 | 108.58 | 16.83 | 7.55 | 6.51 | 0.026* | 0.50† | 0.106 | 0.023* |
TCI-R: Reward dependence | α = 0.77 | 99.37 | 14.82 | 99.96 | 12.93 | 0.59 | 0.06 | 0.812 | 0.04 | −0.002 | 0.958 |
TCI-R: Persistence | α = 0.88 | 106.02 | 22.22 | 108.96 | 18.15 | 2.94 | 0.62 | 0.604 | 0.14 | 0.016 | 0.732 |
TCI-R: Self-directedness | α = 0.87 | 130.68 | 21.89 | 117.02 | 21.24 | 13.66 | 13.55 | 0.002* | 0.63† | −0.216 | <0.001* |
TCI-R: Cooperativeness | α = 0.81 | 131.97 | 16.69 | 125.17 | 19.35 | 6.81 | 5.56 | 0.003* | 0.38 | −0.156 | 0.001* |
TCI-R: Self-Transcendence | α = 0.84 | 62.38 | 14.91 | 70.31 | 15.10 | 7.93 | 10.38 | 0.005* | 0.53† | 0.182 | <0.001* |
Partial correlation adjusted by sex and age.
GD, gambling disorder; FA, food addiction; SOGS, South Oaks Gambling Screen; SCL-90R, Symptom Checklist-Revised; TCI-R, Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised.
Bold: significant comparison (0.05 level).
Bold: moderate (|d| > 0.50) to high (|d| > 0.80) effect size. p-values include Bonferroni–Simes correction for multiple statistical tests.