Table 1. eQTL studies in human braina.
Study | No. of individuals | Tissue source | No. of tissue samples | Neuropathology | Age | Gender | Ethnicity | Expression detection methods |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gibbs et al.34 (part of GTEx pilot) | 150 | Caudal pons | 142 | Neurologically normal controls | 15–101; mean 46.2 | 69% Male and 31% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Illumina Human Ref-8 Expression) |
Cerebellum | 143 | |||||||
frontal cortex | 143 | |||||||
Temporal cortex | 144 | |||||||
Ramasamy et al.38 (UKBEC) | 134 | Occipital cortex | 129 | Neurologically normal controls | 16–102; mean 59 | 74.5% Male and 25.5% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Affymetrix Huamn ST 1.0) |
Frontal cortex | 127 | |||||||
Temporal cortex | 119 | |||||||
Hippocampus | 122 | |||||||
Intralobular white matter | 131 | |||||||
Cerebellar cortex | 130 | |||||||
Thalamus | 124 | |||||||
Putamen | 129 | |||||||
Substantia nigra | 101 | |||||||
Medulla | 119 | |||||||
Colantuoni et al.32 (BrainCloud) | 269 | Dorsolateral Pre frontal cortex | 269 | Neurological normal controls | Fetal 80 mean 27.8 | 66% Male and 34% female | 147 African-American; 112 Caucasian; 6 Hispanic; 4 Asian | Microarray (Illumina Human 49K Oligo array) |
Liu et al.41 | 127 | Prefrontal cortex | 127 | 39 Bipolar disorder; 37 schizophrenia; 11 major depression; 40 controls | 20–65; median 45 | 65% Male and 35% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Affymetrix Human Genome U133A) |
Myers et al.42 | 193 | Cortex (pooled data from 20% frontal, 70% temporal and 1% parietal) | 193 | Neurological normal controls | 65–100; average 81 | 54% Male and 46% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Illumina Human Refseq-8) |
Webster et al.43 | 364 | Cortex (pooled from 21% frontal, 73% temporal, 2% parietal and 3% cerebellar) | 188 | Neurological normal controls | 65–100; average 81 | 55% Male and 45% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Illumina Human Refseq-8) |
Cortex (pooled from 18% frontal, 60% temporal, 10% parietal and 13% cerebellar) | 176 | Patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease | 68–102; average 84 | 50% Male and 50% female | Caucasian | |||
Heinzen et al. 40 (SNPExpress) | 93 | Frontal cortex | 93 | Neurological normal controls | 34–90; mean 74 | 59% Male and 41% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Affymetrix Huamn ST 1.0) |
Zou et al. 44 | ~400 | Cerebellum | 197 | Patients with Alzheimer's disease | Mean±s.d.; 73.6±5.6 | 49% Male and 51% female | Caucasian | Microarray (Illumina HumanHT−12 v4.0) |
177 | Patients with other brain pathologies | Mean ± s.d.; 71.7 ± 5.5 | 64% Male and 36% female | Caucasian | ||||
Temporal cortex | 202 | Patients with Alzheimer's disease | Mean±s.d.; 73.6±5.5 | 47% Male and 53% female | Caucasian | |||
197 | Patients with other brain pathologies | Mean±s.d.; 71.6±5.6 | 60% Male and 40% female | Caucasian | ||||
GTEx, v635, 36 | 72–103 | Anterior cingulate caudate, caudate (basal ganglia), cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellum, cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia), putamen (basal ganglia) | NA | Neurological normal controls | NA | NA | NA | RNA-sequencing (polyA) |
UKBEC (unpublished) | 65–105 | Substantia nigra, putamen | NA | Neurological normal controls | NA | NA | Caucasian | RNA-sequencing |
Lieber Institute (unpublished) | >700 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus | NA | Patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neurological normal controls | NA | NA | NA | RNA-sequencing |
CommonMind consortium39 | 537 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 537 | 258 Patients with schizophrenia; 279 controls | NA | NA | Caucasian 80.7% African-American 14.7% Hispanic 7.7% East Asian 0.6% | RNA-sequencing (RiboZero) |
Abbreviations: GTEx, Genotype-Tissue Expression; eQTL, expression quantitative trait locus; NA, not available; UKBEC, United Kingdom Brain Expression Consortium.
Websites: GTEx http://www.gtexportal.org/home/.
UKBEC http://www.braineac.org/.
SNPExpress http://igm.cumc.columbia.edu/SNPExpress/.
CommonMind http://commonmind.org/WP/.
Nonexhaustive list of examples.