Figure 6. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates tumor metastasis in a murine xenograft model.
Mice were implanted with 4T1 cells (5 × 104 cells/mouse) by intravenous injection (A) or orthotopic injection into the mammary fat pads (B). Metastatic colonization of the lungs was measured as described in the Materials and Methods section (n = 10). A significant correlation between poor prognosis and the expression of a negative (GSK3β) or positive (TCF4) regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was observed in human breast cancer datasets obtained through the Oncomine dataset repository (www.oncomine.org) (C). A significant correlation between the risk of recurrence and the expression of a negative (GSK3β) or positive (TCF4) regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was observed in human breast cancer datasets obtained through the Oncomine dataset repository (www.oncomine.org) (C). The results are presented as the mean ± SD, as determined from more than three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.