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PFM micrographs of 50 nm BT-BFO thin films grown on Nb:STO. (a) surface topography, PFM phase micrograph after poling with (b) +6 V, (c) −6 V, and (d) ±6 V. From the colour contrast, it can be seen that the polarization inversions were achieved with opposite poling. Phase histogram of BT-BFO thin films after poling with (e) −6 V and (f) ±6 V.
