Figure 7. The combination therapy leads to enhanced activation markers in the TME.

In one experiment, the i.p. MC38-luc tumour model was treated with VV and/or α-PD-L1 as described. Tumour tissues were collected at day 5 post first treatment and were used for extraction of total RNA. RT–qPCR assays were performed to determine the levels of IFN-γ (a), granzyme B (b) and perforin (c) in the TME. Data were analysed using Student's t-test (*P<0.05; **P<0.01).