Table 4. Results of high-risk group/subgroup of included studies (N = 18).
| Study ID | Comparison of therapy/Simple size for high-risk group | RT/ADT regimen | Death counts for high-risk group due to PCa 
|
End-points | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS | CSS | CSM | Other end-points | ||||
| Studies without combined regimens (N = 6) | |||||||
| Zelefsky et al. 2010 [16] | RP vs. EBRT 348 vs. 61 | 81 Gy or 86.4 Gy | 13 vs. 6 | NA | NA | RP > RT | AD of 8-y DMFSa: RP > RT |
| Merino et al. 2013 [17] | RP vs. IMRT 216 vs. 78 | 76 Gy | 27 vs. 18 | RP ≫RT§ | RP > RT$ | RP > RT | |
| Tewari et al. 2007 [18] | RP vs. EBRT vs. WW 119 vs. 137 vs. 197 | NA | NA | RP > RT ≫ WW | |||
| Kibel et al. 2012 [19] | RP vs. EBRT vs. BT 525 vs. 676 vs. 33 | median dose: 7,400 cGy | RP ≫RT; RP ≫ BT | NA | RP ≫RT; RP > BT | ||
| Stokes et al. 2000 [20] | RP vs. EBRT vs. SI 134 vs. 95 vs. 39 | pelvis/periprostatic region: 4500 cGy/6500–7000 cGy | NA | NA | NA | 5-y BDFSb: RP ≫RT > BT | |
| Cooperberg et al. 2010 [21] | RP vs. EBRT vs. ADT 328 vs. 279 vs. 417 | NA | NA | NA | D of HR for CSMc: RP > RT > ADT | ||
| Studies with combined regimens (N = 12) | |||||||
| Siddiqui et al. 2011 [22] | RP vs. RP+aADT 191 vs.191 | RP+aADT > RP | RP+aADT ≫ RP | NA | |||
| Bastide et al. 2011 [23] | RP vs. RP+aADT82 vs. 41 | ADT: 15 mo | NA | NA | NA | HR for PSA-BCRd: RP+aADT > RP | |
| Koie et al. 2014 [24] | RP+nADT vs. RT+nADT 78 vs. 78 | RT: 70–76 Gy ADT: 6 mo | RP+nADT > RT+nADT | NA | NA | 3-y BDFS: RT+nADT > RP+nADT | |
| Lee et al. 2014 [25] | RP vs. RT+(n+a)ADT 251 vs. 125 | RT: 6–10 MV, 74–79 Gy | RP vs.EBRT+(n+a)ADT 12 vs. 23 | NA | RP > RT+(n+a)ADT | RP ≫ RT+(n+a)ADT | |
| Hsu et al. 2006 [26] | RP vs. RT+nADT 200 vs. 35 | nADT: varied cross patients | RP vs. RT+nADT 8 vs. 7 | RP > RT+nADT | RP > RT+nADT | NA | |
| Westover et al. 2012 [27] | RP vs. Combination 285 vs. 372 | RT: 45 Gy; ADT: 4.3 mo BT: 125 I or 103 Pd | RP vs. Combination 15 vs. 6 | NA | NA | RT+BT+(n+c)ADT>RP | |
| Bolla et al. 1997 [12] | RT vs. RT+(c+a)ADT 198 vs. 203 | RT: 70 Gy; ADT: cyproterone acetate, goserelin | RT+aADT vs. RT 6 vs. 26 | RT+aADT ≫ RT | NA | NA | |
| D'Amico et al. 2004 [13] | RT vs. RT+(c+a)ADT& 77 vs. 76 | RT:70.35 Gy; ADT: leuprolide acetate/goserelin,6 mo | RT+aADT ≫ RT | NA | NA | ||
| Pilepich et al. 1997 [14] | RT vs. RT+aADT 110 vs. 115 | RT: 65–70 Gy; ADT: goserelin 3.6mg | RT vs. RT+aADT40 vs. 25 | NA | RT+aADT ≫ RT | NA | |
| Pilepich et al. 2001 [15] | RT vs. RT+(n+c)ADT 67 vs. 57 | RT: 65–70 Gy; ADT: Goserelin/Flutamide 3.6mg/250 mg | RT vs. RT+(n+c)ADT 46 vs. 37 | RT+(n+c)ADT > RT | NA | RT+(n+c)ADT > RT | |
| G 2004 [28] | BT+RT vs. “ADT”e 240 vs. 119 | BT: iridium-192, 370 GBq; EBRT:45.6–50 Gy; ADT: 4 mo | “No ADT” vs. “ADT”f 7 vs. 12 | “No ADT” > “ADT” | “No ADT” ≫ “ADT” | NA | |
| Demanes et al. 2009 [29] | BT+RT vs. BT+RT+nADT 48 vs. 65 | BT: 5.5–6.0 Gy; RT: 36.0–39.6 Gy ADT: 4.6 mo | NA | NA | NA | 10-y PSA-PFSg (No-ADT vs. ADT): 62%vs.70%,p>0.05 | |
§A≫B: A had better survival outcome than B for the corresponding end-point, and the difference between A and B was significant.
$A>B: A had better survival outcome than B for the corresponding end-point, but the difference between A and B was non-significant.
&The outcome of OS of the study was applied for the intermediate and high-risk localized PCa; the subgroup analysis for high-risk PCa was not conducted actually.
a. AD of 8-y DMFS: The Absolute Difference (AD) between groups (using RP-RT) for 8-year Distal Metastases-Free Survival.
b. BDFS: Biochemical Disease-Free Survival.
c. The differences of HR for 10-year CSM: 0/2/4/5/6/8/10 point (6–10 points: high-risk): (using RT-RP) 0.62/1.19/2.23/3.03/4.07/6.94/10.41; (ADT-RT) 1.19/2.07/4.22/5.64/7.42/11.81/15.57; (ADT-RP) 1.81/3.54/6.45/8.67/11.49/18.75/25.98.
d. PSA-BCR: Biochemical recurrence of PSA testing.
e. “ADT” means RT+BT+(n+c)ADT.
f. “No ADT” vs. “ADT” = BT+EBRT vs. BT+EBRT+ADT.
g. PSA-progression-free survival. Dates were not available. NA: Not applicable.