Figure 4. Gene expression analysis of CaWRKYa, CaMK1, and CaMK2 upon TMV-P₀ infection.

(a–c) The expanded leaves of six-week-old hot pepper plants were rubbed with TMV-P₀ or PMMoV-P_1,2,3. Inoculated samples were harvested at the indicated time points and total RNA was extracted. qRT-PCR was performed with gene-specific primers. These experiments were performed with three independent samples. CaActin and Ca18S were used as the internal controls. (Student's t-tests; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0001).