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Ginsenoside Rg1 decreased cigarette smoke extract- (CSE-) induced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in pulmonary fibroblasts. Collagen I, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 protein levels were evaluated by western blot and quantitative analysis. Blots are representative of at least four independent experiments. All data are shown as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. ∗∗p < 0.01 versus the Sham group; ##p < 0.01 versus the CSE group.
