Table 5.

Structure-activity relationship analysis results.

Hypoglycemic activity	Structure-activity relationship
	Active groups	Inert groups
Genistein > formononetin > biochanin A	4′-OH is a strong active group	4′-OCH3 and 5-OH were groups that prevented the production of strong activity
1b > Genistein > formononetin > 1a > 1d > biochanin A > 1c	4′,7-Diacetyl isoferulic acid in genistein	7-Acetyl isoferulic acid in genistein, biochanin A, and formononetin
Genistein > formononetin > 2a > biochanin A > 2b > 2d > 2c	none	4′,7-di-L-Aspartic acid dimethyl ester in genistein; 7-L-aspartic acid dimethyl ester in genistein, biochanin A, and formononetin
Genistein > 3c > formononetin > 3d > 3e > 3f > 3g > biochanin A > 3h > 3b > 3a	7-Diethyl phosphite in biochanin A	7-Diethyl phosphite in genistein, and formononetin; 4′-diethyl phosphite in genistein; 7-diisopropyl phosphite in genistein, biochanin A, and formononetin; 4′-diisopropyl phosphite in genistein
Genistein > 4a > formononetin > 4g > 4f > 4d > 4b > 4j > 4c > 4h > 4i > biochanin A > 4e	7-2-Bromo-ethoxy in biochanin A	7,4′-Di-2-bromo-ethoxy or 7-2-bromo-ethoxy or 4′-2-bromo-ethoxy in genistein; 7-2-bromo-ethoxy in formononetin;
		7,4′-Di-6-bromo-hexyloxy or 7-6-bromo-hexyloxy or 4′-6-bromo-hexyloxy in genistein; 7-6-bromo-hexyloxy in biochanin A; 7-6-bromo-hexyloxy in formononetin
Genistein > formononetin > 5c > 5d > biochanin A > 5b > 5a	7-Cinnamic acid in biochanin A	7-Cinnamic acid in genistein, and formononetin; 4′-cinnamic acid in genistein
6 > Genistein > formononetin > biochanin A	V2+