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. 2017 Feb 24;9(1):38–42. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2016.49

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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LPLI and forskolin inhibit arecoline-induced fibrotic marker gene expression in HGFs. (a) The fibrotic marker gene expression of arecoline-treated HGFs. (b) The effect of LPLI on arecoline-treated HGFs. (c) The effect of forskolin on arecoline-treated HGFs. The expression levels of fibrotic markers CCN2 and α-SMA were detected at the indicated time points by western blot. Molecular weight markers are shown on the left. The α-tubulin is used as a loading control. C indicates control group; A indicates the arecoline (200 μmol·L⁻¹) treatment group; A+L indicates the group co-treated with arecoline (200 μmol·L⁻¹) and LPLI; and A+F indicates the group co-treated with arecoline (200 μmol·L⁻¹) and forskolin (60 μmol·L⁻¹). HGF, human gingival fibroblast; LPLI, low-power laser irradiation; SMA, smooth muscle actin.