Immunolabelling of the root cap and associated border-like cells (BLCs) of Heliophila coronopifolia with the anti-Hc-AFP2 polyclonal antibodies using a fluorescent secondary antibody (without pectinase treatment). (A, B) Controls with a mammalian primary antibody (non-plant negative control) (p-p38, see Table S2 for details on antibodies). Images with anti-Hc-AFP2 label; (C, D) the root tip with its BLCs and images, and (E, F) BLCs at higher magnification. Images with immunofluorescence mode (A, C, E), images with overlayed transmission and immunofluorescence mode (B, D, F). Arrows show specific labelling with primary antibody. RT, root tip; RC, root cap; BLCs, border-like cells; Mc, mucilage. Scale bars: 200 μm (A–D), 400 μm (E, F).