Table 5.
Multivariable ordinal logistic regressions with all psychological factors and pain intensities entered simultaneously as predictors of: 1) the number of pain sites among subjects reporting the same NPS at T1 and T2 (N = 1201), 2) the number of pain sites decreased among subjects that reported a higher number of pain sites at T1 (N = 909), and 3) the number of pain sites increased among subjects that a higher number of pain sites at T2 (N = 963)
| Sub-sample: | Employees reporting stable number of pain sites (T1 NPS = T2 NPS) |
Employees reporting decreased number of pain sites (T1 NPS > T2 NPS) |
Employees reporting increased number of pain sites (T1 NPS < T2 NPS) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable: | Number of pain sites | Number of pain sites decreased | Number of pain sites increased (spread) | |||
| T1 Predictor | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Emotional exhaustion | 1.00 | [0.70–1.43] | 0.94 | [0.65–1.34] | 0.99 | [0.69–1.41] |
| Mental distress (HSCL) | 0.88 | [0.45–1.71] | 0.57 | [0.29–1.11] | 1.16 | [0.59–2.29] |
| Depression (single item) | 1.07 | [0.75–1.52] | 0.74 | [0.50–1.08] | 0.69 | [0.48–0.98] * |
| Anxiety (single item) | 0.51 | [0.29–0.88] * | 0.63 | [0.34–1.11] | 1.48 | [0.97–2.23] |
| Psychological well-being | ||||||
| “Had a lot of surplus” | 1.23 | [1.06–1.43] ** | 1.04 | [0.89–1.21] | 0.84 | [0.73–0.97] * |
| “Felt down and sad” | 1.08 | [0.88–1.32] | 1.19 | [0.97–1.45] | 1.01 | [0.84–1.22] |
| Dispositional optimism | 0.93 | [0.72–1.20] | 0.89 | [0.68–1.17] | 0.85 | [0.66–1.09] |
| General self-efficacy | 1.03 | [0.76–1.38] | 0.89 | [0.65–1.21] | 0.95 | [0.72–1.25] |
| Job satisfaction | 1.03 | [0.82–1.30] | 0.87 | [0.68–1.13] | 0.96 | [0.75–1.22] |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.06 | [0.88–1.27] | 0.97 | [0.80–1.17] | 1.24 | [1.03–1.49] * |
| Tiredness | 1.28 | [1.00–1.64] * | 1.09 | [0.84–1.41] | 0.94 | [0.74–1.18] |
| Restlessness | 1.58 | [1.16–2.14] ** | 1.07 | [0.78–1.46] | 0.90 | [0.68–1.19] |
| Pain intensity | ||||||
| Headache | 0.92 | [0.75–1.12] | 0.93 | [0.75–1.15] | 1.14 | [0.93–1.39] |
| Neck pain | 5.33 | [4.14–6.92] *** | 0.61 | [0.47–0.79] *** | 0.80 | [0.59–1.08] |
| Shoulder pain | 6.78 | [5.26–8.82] *** | 0.89 | [0.69–1.15] | 0.75 | [0.54–1.01] |
| Arm pain | 6.33 | [4.94–8.19] *** | 0.89 | [0.71–1.12] | 1.02 | [0.72–1.42] |
| Leg pain | 6.85 | [5.29–8.97] *** | 0.85 | [0.67–1.07] | 0.79 | [0.58–1.05] |
| Back pain | 5.85 | [4.61–7.48] *** | 0.73 | [0.58–0.92] ** | 0.70 | [0.46–1.02] |
| Number of pain sites | - | - | 3.11 | [2.45–3.98] *** | 0.86 | [0.62–1.19] |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
Note: The regressions with decrease and increase as outcome were adjusted for sex, age group, skill level, and T1 NPS