Table 1. Sample characteristics per group.
| Sufficient 25 (OH)D N (%) | Deficient 25 (OH)D N (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 47 | N = 41 | ||||
| Age | Mean (±sd) | 37.2 (±12.3) | 35.3 (±12.3) | 0.48 | |
| BMI | Mean (±sd) | 26.1 (±4.23) | 24.8 (±2.9) | 0. 11 | |
| Gender | Male | 20 (42.6%) | 20 (48.8%) | 0.56 | |
| Female | 27 (57.4%) | 21 (51.2%) | |||
| Living situation | Alone | 2 (5.4%) | 3 (8.6%) | 0.60 | |
| With others | 35 (94.6%) | 32 (91.4%) | |||
| Disease duration (years) | Mean (±sd) | 5.7 (±6.5) | 4.8 (±6.4) | 0.53 | |
| EDSS | Mean (±sd) | 1.1 (±0.9) | 1.6 (±1.1) | 0.04 | |
| Anxiety score | Mean (±sd) | 1.7 (±0.6) | 2.1 (±0.7) | 0.008 | |
| Depression score | Mean (±sd) | 1.9 (±0.7) | 2.1 (±1.0) | 0.18 | |
| Total Hopkins score | Mean (±sd) | 1.8 (±0.6) | 2.1 (±0.8) | 0.07 | |
| Calcium Visit 1 | Mean (±sd) | 9.7 (±0.4) | 9.6 (±0.4) | 0.66 | |
| Calcium Visit 2 | Mean (±sd) | 12.4 (±15.9) | 9.7 (±0.4) | 0.34 | |
| Education level | Elementary | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (8.6%) | 0.31 | |
| High school | 8 (21.1%) | 3 (8.6%) | |||
| College | 28 (73.7%) | 29 (82.9%) | |||
| Employment | Employed for wages | 21 (53.8%) | 19 (54.3%) | 0.28 | |
| Self-employed | 6 (15.4%) | 4 (11.4%) | |||
| Out of work for more than 1 year | 3 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| Out of work for less than 1 year | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | |||
| Homemaker | 5 (12.8%) | 4 (11.4%) | |||
| Student | 4 (10.3%) | 4 (11.4%) | |||
| Retired | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||
| Lifestyle | Physical activity | No | 14 (35.0%) | 22 (61.1%) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 26 (65.0%) | 14 (38.9%) | |||
| Disability | No | 27 (93.1%) | 23 (85.2%) | 0.41 | |
| Yes | 2 (6.9%) | 4 (14.8%) | |||
| Smoking cigarettes | No | 24 (61.5%) | 29 (80.6%) | 0.07 | |
| Yes | 15 (38.5%) | 7 (19.4%) | |||
| smoking waterpipe | No | 25 (69.4%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0.74 | |
| Yes | 11 (30.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | |||
| smoking cigars | No | 32 (94.1%) | 28 (96.6%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (3.45) | |||
| alcohol | No | 23 (60.5%) | 27 (79.4%) | 0.08 | |
| Yes | 15 (39.5%) | 7 (20.65) | |||
| Leisure and activities | Read | No | 8 (50.0%) | 10 (50.0%) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 8 (50.0%) | 10 (50.0%) | |||
| Watch TV | No | 7 (31.8%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.83 | |
| Yes | 15 (68.2%) | 13 (65.0%) | |||
| Video games | No | 13 (76.5%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.72 | |
| Yes | 4 (23.5%) | 6 (31.6%) | |||
| Board games | No | 14 (93.3%) | 15 (88.2%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (11.8%) | |||
| Social media | No | 9 (47.4%) | 10 (50.0%) | 0.87 | |
| Yes | 10 (52.6%) | 10 (50.05) | |||
| Internet | No | 10 (55.6%) | 8 (42.1%) | 0.41 | |
| Yes | 8 (44.4%) | 11 (57.9%) | |||
| Volunteer | No | 30 (81.1%) | 24 (68.6%) | 0.22 | |
| Yes | 7 (18.9%) | 11 (31.4%) | |||
| Religious | Religious | 18 (50.0%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0.26 | |
| Spiritual | 5 (13.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | |||
| Neither | 13 (36.1%) | 9 (31.0%) | |||
| Score of leisure activities | Mean(±sd) | 0.152(±0.189) | 0.243(±0.271) | 0.075 | |
| Sleep | Hours of sleep/night | 1–3 hours | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.57 |
| 4–7 hours | 24 (63.2%) | 22 (62.9%) | |||
| 8+ hours | 14 (36.8%) | 12 (34.3%) | |||
| Days of sleep insufficiency | 1–3 days | 9 (25.7%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0.86 | |
| 4–7 days | 7 (20.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | |||
| 8–12 days | 11 (31.4%) | 6 (24.0%) | |||
| 13+ days | 7 (20.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | |||
| None | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| Memory | Memory loss/ confusion last year | No | 21 (72.4%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.38 |
| Yes | 8 (27.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||