Figure 1.

Task schematic and behavioural results. (A) A trial begins with the presentation of two white rectangles (doors) and the label of the Agent playing that trial. Once a door was chosen it changed colour indicating if the Agent has probably chosen the door with a prize (green) or the empty door (red). (B) The participant in the MRI scanner was shown the actual outcome before the other Agents. At this point the participant can determine if the outcome is expected (green-win/red-neutral) or unexpected (green-neutral/red-win). (C) The participant indicated if the outcome was expected (T) or unexpected (F) for all Agents and trials, after which the outcome is revealed to all Agents. Behavioural results showing accuracy [i.e. if participants correctly recognized that the outcome of the trial was expected (D) or unexpected (E)] shown for each Agent.