Table 2.
Genetic polymorphisms in target-genes at and surrounding resistant linked mutations.
| Gene | Amino-acid substitutiona | Frequency (%) | Most frequent Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| PfcPheRs (PF3D7_0109800) | M316I | 0 | |
| T318A | 0.47 | Bangladesh, Thailand | |
| G512E | 0 | ||
| K519 | 0.76, 0.96, 2.68 | Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos | |
| V545I | |||
| V545 | 2.6, 5.5 | DRC, Kenya | |
| L550V | 1.79, 0.5 | DRC, Ghana | |
| L552 | 1.1 | Guinea | |
| Pfpi4k (PF3D7_0509800) | D1311 | 0.26 | |
| S1320L | 0 | ||
| E1355 | 0.49 | Ghana | |
| Y1356F | 0 | ||
| L1479 | 0.49 | Ghana | |
| H1484Y | 0 | ||
| Pfdhodh (PF3D7_0603300) | L172F | 0 | |
| E182D | 0 | ||
| F188L | 0 | ||
| T256 | 1.052, 0.4 | Guinea, Malawi | |
| I263F | 0 | ||
| F227I | 0 | ||
| L515F | 0.24, 0.09 | Ghana, Thailand | |
| L527I | 0 | ||
| L531F | 0 | ||
| M536I | 0.96, 0.19 | Laos, Cambodia | |
| Pfcarl (PF3D7_0321900) | Q821 | 0.49 | Ghana |
| P822L | 0 | ||
| L830V | 0 | ||
| E834K | 0 | ||
| S1076N/I | 0 | ||
| D1101G | 1.54 | Ghana | |
| A1102 | 0.24 | Ghana | |
| V1103L | 0 | ||
| A1135D | 0.49 | Ghana | |
| L1136P | 0 | ||
| I1139K | 0 | ||
| Pfatp4 (PF3D7_1211900) | Q172H | 0 | |
| V178I | |||
| A185S | 0.49 | Ghana | |
| I203L | |||
| V204L | |||
| S312P | 0 | ||
| S315 | 0.02 | Malawi | |
| L350H | 0 | ||
| I379N | 0 | ||
| I398F | 0 | ||
| V400A | 0 | ||
| V414D | 0 | ||
| T416N | 0 | ||
| T418N | 0 | ||
| A421L | 0 | ||
| P412L | 0 | ||
| E895K | 0 | ||
| F917L | 0 | ||
| L938I | 0 | ||
| P966A | 0 | ||
| A967G | 0 | ||
| K988R | 0.45 | Malawi | |
| P990R | 0 | ||
| A1158V | |||
| I1205L | 0.18, 0.05, 0.5 | Gambia, Malawi, Tanzania | |
| A1207V | |||
| T1208S | 0.11 | Guinea | |
| L1242 | 2.67 | DRC | |
| D1247Y | 0 | ||
| Pfcprs (PF3D7_1213800) | L482H | 0 | |
| T1445A | 0 | ||
| C1444T | 0 | ||
| Pfrab11A (PF3D7_1320600) | F128 | 0.96, 0.53 | Laos,Vietnam |
| D139Y | 0 | ||
| PfeEF2 (PF3D7_1451100) | E134D | 0 | |
| Y185N | 0 | ||
| L755F | 0 | ||
| T184I | 0 | ||
| I185T | 0 | ||
| E336G | 0 | ||
| S473R | 0 | ||
| A481T | 0 | ||
| P756A | 0 | ||
| L757F | 0 | ||
| Pfcytb (Mal_Mito_3) | G33A | 0 | |
| Y126C | 0 | ||
| G131S | 0 | ||
| M133I | 0 | ||
| L144S | 0 | ||
| V150I | 0.22 | Ghana | |
| V234I | 0 | ||
| V248I | 0.1, 12.5 | PNG, Nigeria | |
| F267V | 0 | ||
| V284L | 0 | ||
| Pfact (PF3D7_1036800) | A94T | 0 | |
| R108K | 0 | ||
| S110R | 0 | ||
| D165N | 0 | ||
| S169T | 0 | ||
| I190L | 2.9, 4.7, 6.7, 3.2, 2.9, 6.7 | Bangladesh, Myamar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos | |
| C193 | 0 | ||
| S242 | 0 | ||
| L253 | 0 | ||
| G559R | 0 | ||
| pfugt (PF3D7_1113300) | F37V | 0 |
a
In grey are amino-acid changes or silent mutations linked to drug resistance in vitro.