BATF is required for GC maintenance. (A) Schematic illustration of the experimental protocol for B–D. (B, top) Flow cytometry of NP-specific donor B cells (CD45.2+B220+NP+). (bottom left) Histograms showing the donor GC B cell (CD45.2+B220+NP+Fas+CD38−) number in 106 splenocytes. (bottom right) The ratio of DZ:LZ cells. n = 4 biological replicates. (C) Proliferation status of Batf+/+ and Batff/f LZ GC B cells assessed by EdU incorporation 30 min after an EdU injection. n = 4 biological replicates. (D) Real-time qPCR analysis of Batf mRNA expression in Batf+/+ERT2cre B1-8hi and Batff/f ERT2cre B1-8hi GC B cells. n = 4 biological replicates. (E) Schematic illustration of the experimental protocol for F. Note that viral infection efficiencies were comparable between samples as assessed by GFP+ population (∼15–20%) before transfer. (F, left) Flow cytometry of CD45.1+B220+ cells. (right) Histograms showing the number of GFP+ GC B cell (CD45.1+B220+GFP+CD38−) in 106 splenocytes. n = 8 (Foxo1+/+) and 10 (Foxo1f/f) biological replicates. Error bars represent SD. Data are representative of two independent experiments (B and C), from one experiments with three biological replicates (D), representative of four independent experiments (F, left), and are pooled from four independent experiments (F, right). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; paired Student’s t test (B and C) and unpaired Student’s t test (D and F).