Fig. 4.

Avoidance learning assay on P. elegans. Recorded responses: green, food acceptance (as shown in Movie S1); yellow, food rejection after touching (as shown in Movie S2); and red, vomiting (as shown in Movie S3). (A) Response from the whole sample (n = 15) to food containing (−)-isoatractylon at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL (step I, step II) and untreated plain food (step III). (B) Response from the subgroup of the vomiting shrimp (n = 5). P values are calculated using the two-tailed Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05).