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Tryptophan metabolism and incident CKD. IDO1 catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway. Alternative pathways of tryptophan metabolism result in the production of indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-propionate (via gut microbial tryptophan metabolism) or serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).
