Table II.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Deliveries by Hispanic Subgroups in New York City Hospitals
| Puerto Rican | Foreign born Mexican | Foreign born Dominican | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Deliveries | 24431 | 100 | 18065 | 100 | 22338 | 100 | |
| Maternal age in years | |||||||
| <20 | 2905 | 11.9 | 975 | 5.4 | 1451 | 6.5 | <.001 |
| 20–34 | 18274 | 37.1 | 14108 | 78.1 | 16997 | 76.1 | |
| 35–39 | 2523 | 31.8 | 2423 | 13.4 | 2993 | 13.4 | |
| 40–44 | 687 | 2.8 | 534 | 3.0 | 849 | 3.8 | |
| 45+ | 42 | 0.2 | 25 | 0.1 | 48 | 0.2 | |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index(kg/m2) | |||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 904 | 3.7 | 408 | 2.3 | 799 | 3.6 | <.001 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 9557 | 39.1 | 7688 | 42.6 | 11295 | 50.6 | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 6814 | 27.9 | 6151 | 34.1 | 6349 | 28.4 | |
| Obese (30.0–39.9) | 5851 | 24 | 3250 | 18 | 3399 | 15.2 | |
| Morbid Obesity (≥40) | 1192 | 4.9 | 252 | 1.4 | 337 | 1.5 | |
| Missing BMI | 114 | 0.5 | 316 | 1.6 | 159 | 0.7 | |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 1599 | 6.5 | 81 | 0.5 | 228 | 1.0 | <.001 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 258 | 1.1 | 99 | 0.6 | 213 | 1.0 | <.001 |
| Illegal drugs use during pregnancy | 231 | 1.0 | 33 | 0.2 | 62 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Maternal Education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 7644 | 31.3 | 11516 | 63.8 | 6586 | 29.5 | <.001 |
| High school | 6052 | 24.8 | 4879 | 27 | 5421 | 24.3 | |
| Greater than high school | 10714 | 43.9 | 1602 | 8.9 | 10280 | 46.0 | |
| Missing or unknown | 22 | 0.1 | 68 | 0.4 | 51 | 0.2 | |
| Insurance | |||||||
| Commercial | 6141 | 25.1 | 609 | 3.4 | 3155 | 14.1 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 17830 | 73.0 | 17308 | 95.8 | 18992 | 84.7 | |
| Other | 181 | 0.7 | 14 | 0.1 | 80 | 0.4 | |
| Uninsured | 280 | 1.2 | 143 | 0.7 | 181 | 0.8 | |
| Prenatal visits | |||||||
| 0–5 | 2282 | 9.3 | 933 | 5.2 | 1707 | 7.6 | <.001 |
| 6–8 | 3693 | 15.1 | 1893 | 10.5 | 3047 | 13.6 | |
| ≥9 | 18172 | 74.4 | 15133 | 83.8 | 17370 | 77.8 | |
| Unknown | 285 | 1.2 | 106 | 0.6 | 214 | 1.0 | |
| Parity | |||||||
| Nulliparous | 10666 | 43.7 | 4545 | 25.2 | 9204 | 41.2 | <.001 |
| Multiparous | 13765 | 56.3 | 13520 | 74.8 | 13134 | 58.8 | <.001 |
| Type of Pregnancy | |||||||
| Singleton | 24020 | 98.3 | 17907 | 99.1 | 22009 | 98.5 | <.001 |
| Multiple | 411 | 1.7 | 158 | 0.9 | 329 | 1.5 | <.001 |
| Previous Cesarean | 4118 | 16.9 | 3713 | 20.6 | 5358 | 24.0 | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Cardiac Disease | 107 | 0.4 | 20 | 0.1 | 72 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Renal Disease | 29 | 0.1 | 14 | 0.1 | 9 | 0.0 | 0.01 |
| Musculoskeletal | 161 | 0.7 | 23 | 0.1 | 40 | 0.2 | <.001 |
| Digestive Disorder | 17 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.0 | <.001 |
| Blood Disease | 2963 | 12.1 | 2179 | 12.1 | 2687 | 12.0 | 0.95 |
| Mental Disorder | 1677 | 6.9 | 181 | 1.0 | 596 | 2.7 | <.001 |
| CNS | 531 | 2.2 | 69 | 0.4 | 271 | 1.2 | <.001 |
| Rheumatic heart | 14 | 0.1 | 9 | 0.1 | 16 | 0.1 | 0.66 |
| Disorder Placentation | 421 | 1.7 | 244 | 1.4 | 329 | 1.5 | .006 |
| Chronic Hypertension | 446 | 1.8 | 78 | 0.4 | 388 | 1.7 | <.001 |
| Pregnancy Hypertension | 1956 | 8.0 | 1258 | 7.0 | 1641 | 7.4 | .0002 |
| Lupus | 101 | 0.4 | 15 | 0.1 | 28 | 0.1 | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 368 | 1.5 | 361 | 2.0 | 215 | 1.0 | <.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 1464 | 6.0 | 1786 | 9.9 | 1259 | 5.6 | <.001 |
| Asthma/Chronic bronchitis | 3906 | 16.0 | 183 | 1.0 | 964 | 4.3 | <.001 |
| Delivery method | |||||||
| Cesarean Delivery | 8306 | 34.0 | 4978 | 27.6 | 9130 | 40.9 | <.001 |
| Vaginal delivery | 16126 | 66.0 | 13087 | 72.4 | 13208 | 59.1 | <.001 |