. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 4.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Genet. 2012 Jun 14;42(5):743–763. doi: 10.1007/s10519-012-9548-8

Table 7.

Comparisons of ACE and AE models.

Factor and Model	χ²	df	p	RMSEA	90% UL	χ²_D	df_D	p_D
Extraversion
ACE model	37.43	33	.27	.018	.042
AE model	37.48	39	.54	.000	.033	0.05	6	.99
ADE model	37.06	33	.29	.017	.042	−0.42	6	.99
Agreeableness
ACE model	44.32	33	.09	.029	.050
AE model	54.58	39	.05	.031	.050	10.26	6	.11
ADE model	48.05	33	.04	.034	.053	−6.53	6	.37
Conscientiousness
ACE model	30.52	33	.59	.000	.033
AE model	33.94	39	.70	.000	.028	3.42	6	.75
ADE model	31.18	33	.56	.000	.034	−2.76	6	.84
Neuroticism
ACE model	84.00	60	.02	.031	.046
AE model	112.76	68	.00	.040	.053	28.76	8	.00
Openness
ACE model	26.14	33	.80	.000	.025
AE model	40.01	39	.42	.008	.036	13.87	6	.03

Note: All comparisons based on the independent pathways model and reflect change in χ² from the model immediately preceding it in the table. Positive χ² difference values indicate that model misfit occurs in the comparison, and negative χ² difference values indicate that model misfit has been removed by the model. Significant p_D values indicate that the fit of the model is significantly different. Preferred models are in bold.