Table 1.

Description of neighborhood social and built environment measures.

Contextual Data	Data Source	Description of measure
Socioeconomic status	2007–2011 American Community Survey (ACS)(29)	Block group-level composite measure for income, education, poverty, employment, occupation, housing and rent values (53)
Racial/ethnic composition	US Census 2010 short form data (54)	Block group-level measures of % of each racial/ethnic group
Immigration/acculturation characteristics	2007–2011 American Community Survey (ACS)	Block group-level measures of residential composition on % foreign-born; Tract-level measure of ethnic enclave (Hispanic, Asian)
Population density	US Census 2010 short form data	Block group-level measures of population size per square mile
Urbanization (Rural/Urban)	US Census 2010 short form data	Block group-level composite measure based on census defined urbanized area, population size and population density
Businesses	Dunn & Bradstreet annual business listings (1990–2008), via Walls & Associates (35)	Residential buffer (1600m) measures of total businesses, total number of recreational facilities, retail food environment index(38) and restaurant environment index
Commuting by car	2007–2011 American Community Survey (ACS)	Tract- level measures of proportion of population who drive to work (car, motorcycle, taxicab, and other)
Street connectivity	NAVTEQ (32)	Block group-level measure of walkability, using the gamma index (31)
Parks	NAVTEQ (32)	Residential buffer (1600m) measure of total of parks
Farmers Markets	California Department of Food and Agriculture (36)	Tract-level counts of farmers’ markets
Traffic density	California Department of Transportation (33)	Residential buffer (500m) measure of volume of traffic (34)