Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for childhood overweight or obesity according to pre-pregnancy BMI and delivery mode before and after adjustment for potential confounders.
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | n | Cases (%) | Crude | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | |||
|
|
||||||
| Normal (18.5 – 25 kg/m2) | 683 | 224 (32.8) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Ref. | 1.0 (Ref.) | Ref. |
| Overweight (25.0–30 kg/m2) | 396 | 188 (47.5) | 1.9 (1.4–2.4) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) | 362 | 189 (52.2) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.6–2.8) | <0.001 |
| Crude | Adjustedb | |||||
|
|
||||||
| Delivery mode | n | Cases (%) | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p |
|
|
||||||
| Vaginal Delivery | 961 | 370 (38.5) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Ref. | 1.0 (Ref.) | Ref. |
| Cesarean Delivery | 480 | 231 (48.1) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.005 |
a
Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, maternal race/ethnicity, and maternal education.
b
Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 exposure in the 2nd trimester, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight