Table 1.
Physicochemical attributes of the investigated beers of different types and styles analyzed in this study (n = 40)
| Sample no. | Type | Country of origin | Ingredients | Bitterness (EBC)a | Original extract content (%Plato) | Ethanol (%V/V) | Energy (kJ/100 ml) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alcohol-free pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops extract, hops | 14 | 3.96 | 0.18 | 59.99 |
| 2 | Alcohol-free pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, wheat malt, aroma, hops | 18 | 6.16 | 0.00 | 87.43 |
| 3 | Alcohol-free pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops extract, hops | 17 | 4.61 | 0.14 | 70.04 |
| 4 | Alcohol-free beer-based mixed drink | Hungary | (40%) blackcurrant-lime juice: water, sugar, lime concentrate, blackcurrant concentrate, caramel, citric acid, sweeteners, ascorbic acid (60%) beer: water, barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 11 | 5.64 | 0.00 | 86.09 |
| 5 | Alcohol-free beer based mixed drink | Hungary | (63%) lemon juice: water, sugar, lemon juice concentrate, orange extract, orange juice concentrate, sweeteners, aroma, stabilizers, ascorbic acid; (37%) beer: water barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 8 | 4.60 | 0.00 | 65.73 |
| 6 | Alcohol-free beer-based mixed drink | Hungary | (63%) grapefruit juice: water, sugar, lemon juice concentrate, grapefruit juice concentrate, orange juice concentrate, citric acid, K-citric, calcium lactate, magnesium carbonate, natural grapefruit aroma, other natural aromas, stabilizer, sweetener (37%) beer: water barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 5 | 5.08 | 0.00 | 71.33 |
| 7 | Beer-based mixed drink | Hungary | The same as no. 5 | 6 | 0.00 | 1.78 | 0.00 |
| 8 | Beer-based mixed drink | Hungary | The same as no. 6 | 5 | 7.31 | 1.57 | 110.32 |
| 9 | Beer-based mixed drink | Hungary | The same as no. 4 | 8 | 5.54 | 1.58 | 82.32 |
| 10 | Strong pale lager | Romania | Water, barley malt, barley, hops | 26 | 14.40 | 6.79 | 218.72 |
| 11 | European pale lager | Romania | Water, barley malt, hops | 13 | 11.22 | 4.95 | 168.37 |
| 12 | European pale lager | Romania | Water, barley malt, barley, hops | 17 | 9.95 | 4.51 | 148.30 |
| 13 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops | 20 | 10.64 | 4.67 | 159.35 |
| 14 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn, hops, hops extract | 6 | 4.26 | 2.06 | 61.64 |
| 15 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 16 | 8.71 | 3.73 | 129.38 |
| 16 | Czech pilsner | Czech republic | Water, barley malt, hops, hops extract | 27 | 7.86 | 2.82 | 117.12 |
| 17 | Czech pilsner | Czech republic | Water, barley malt, barley, hops | 42 | 9.84 | 4.11 | 147.19 |
| 18 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn, hops, hops extract | 21 | 11.43 | 5.09 | 171.66 |
| 19 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, corn sleet, hops | 15 | 9.07 | 4.01 | 134.88 |
| 20 | European pale lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn, hops, hops extract | 17 | 6.77 | 2.81 | 99.91 |
| 21 | Munich helles | Romania | Water, barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 13 | 8.57 | 3.76 | 127.15 |
| 22 | Wienna lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn sleet, hops | 15 | 8.21 | 3.86 | 121.27 |
| 23 | American adjunct lager | Mexico | Water, barley malt, corn and/or rice, antioxidant: e300, stabilizer | 10 | 5.95 | 2.27 | 87.75 |
| 24 | Dunkel lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, corn, hops, hops extract | 21 | 5.02 | 4.13 | 70.42 |
| 25 | Schwarzbier | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops, yeast | 30 | 12.82 | 4.96 | 194.85 |
| 26 | Altbier | Hungary | Water, barley malt, wheat malt, caramel malt, hops, yeast | 32 | 12.61 | 4.68 | 191.81 |
| 27 | Strong pale lager | Hungary | Water, malt, hops, yeast | 17 | 8.93 | 3.58 | 133.14 |
| 28 | Belgian strong pale ale | Belgium | Water, barley malt, hops, yeast | 20 | 16.32 | 8.29 | 249.35 |
| 29 | Hefeweizen | Austria | Water, wheat malt, barley malt, hops | – | 7.13 | 2.82 | 105.61 |
| 30 | Hefeweizen | Germany | Water, wheat malt, barley malt, hops, yeast | 12 | 9.57 | 3.88 | 143.09 |
| 31 | Stout | Belgium | Water, barley malt, hops, yeast | 18 | 16.87 | 8.17 | 258.95 |
| 32 | Irish red ale | Ireland | Water, malt, hops | 19 | 8.21 | 3.52 | 121.77 |
| 33 | Irish stout | Ireland | Water, barley malt, roasted barley, hops, nitrogen | 17 | 8.05 | 3.43 | 119.23 |
| 34 | Munich dunkel lager | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops | 18 | 6.72 | 2.63 | 99.29 |
| 35 | Dunkler bock | Hungary | Water, barley malt, hops, hops extract | 10 | 17.21 | 6.90 | 266.51 |
| 36 | Hefeweizen | Hungary | Water, wheat malt, pilsen malt, yeast | 21 | 10.08 | 3.78 | 151.54 |
| 37 | Hefeweizen | Hungary | Water, barley malt (pilsner, caramel, acidulated), wheat malt, hops (magnum), yeast | 8 | 12.45 | 5.77 | 187.59 |
| 38 | Fruit beer | Belgium | Water, barley malt, hops, yeast, candy, sour cherry (10%) | 9 | 17.31 | 8.34 | 266.38 |
| 39 | Fruit beer | Belgium | Barley malt, hops, sour cherry | 7 | 14.95 | 5.90 | 229.21 |
| 40 | Fruit beer | Belgium | Water, barley malt, wheat, sour cherry, elderberry, sugar, hops, yeast | 12 | 14.16 | 8.21 | 212.78 |
aEBC unit: bitterness unit, mean coefficient of variation = 3.9%