Table 4.
Total carotenoids and xanthophylls (µg/100 g) in raw and processed corn
| Type of corn | Method of processing | Total carotenoids | Lutein | Zeaxanthin | Alpha-cryptoxanthin | Beta-cryptoxanthin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby corn | Raw | 394.3 ± 1.80a1 | 224.58 ± 0.90a1 | ND | ND | ND |
| Steamed | 355.20 ± 5.10a2 | 233.49 ± 43.06a1 | ND | ND | ND | |
| Sweet corn | Raw | 1016.8 ± 84.30b1 | 136.76 ± 9.57b1 | 652.42 ± 37.46b1 | 25.39 ± 0.79b1 | 91.56 ± 0.56b1 |
| Steamed | 967.80 ± 68.70b2 | 128.92 ± 3.45b1 | 573.37 ± 18.20b2 | 20.30 ± 0.93b2 | 89.03 ± 4.12b2 | |
| Dent corn | Raw | 987.67 ± 46.95c1 | 394.38 ± 2.75c1 | 993.29 ± 2.27c1 | 93.55 ± 0.36c1 | 198.27 ± 2.73c1 |
| Steamed | 2026.17 ± 3.25c2 | 313.66 ± 36.22c1 | 891.66 ± 105.30c2 | 87.11 ± 2.82c2 | 200.02 ± 19.68c2 | |
| Popcorn with oil | Raw | 2496.23 ± 138.05d1 | 114.20 ± 2.52d1 | 385.75 ± 76.81d1 | 18.57 ± 2.33d1 | 60.50 ± 9.91d1 |
| Popped | 1959.1 ± 39.80d3 | 109.30 ± 0.70d1 | 367.61 ± 6.43d1 | 16.60 ± 1.23d1 | 50.34 ± 0.67d1 | |
| Popcorn without oil | Raw | 1615.60 ± 24.60e1 | 247.19 ± 20.25e1 | 377.70 ± 58.74d1 | 114.86 ± 8.38e1 | 181.10 ± 28.58e1 |
| Popped | 1122.53 ± 63.75e3 | 225.01 ± 1.21e1 | 383.75 ± 27.49d1 | 104.40 ± 3.20e1 | 169.67 ± 8.84e1 | |
| Corn grits | Raw | 2509.70 ± 86.50f1 | 177.54 ± 29.22f1 | 441.66 ± 128.68f1 | 42.76 ± 0.76f1 | 59.56 ± 25.05f1 |
| Boiled | 499.37 ± 3.95f4 | 138.61 ± 3.97f4 | 277.57 ± 4.65f4 | 5.76 ± 0.93f4 | 39.74 ± 6.72f4 | |
| Corn flour | Raw | 30.93 ± 1.35g1 | ND | 44.18 ± 0.99f1 | ND | ND |
| Boiled | 10.60 ± 0.50g4 | ND | 15.79 ± 0.54f4 | ND | ND | |
| Corn flakes* | Raw | 1992.73 ± 5.751 | 87.28 ± 8.391 | 866.68 ± 22.931 | 290.05 ± 5.591 | 71.56 ± 4.111 |
| Fried | 1551.43 ± 8.255 | 71.32 ± 2.335 | 422.43 ± 18.335 | 233.72 ± 3.235 | ND |
Data are represented as mean ± SD of triplicate measurement (fresh weight basis). Values designated with different letters and numbers in each column are significantly different at 5% level (p ≤ 0.05) determined by least significant difference (LSD) using two way ANOVA
The alphabets a, b, c, d, e, f, g given as superscripts denotes type of corn sample while the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 denotes the methods of cooking employed
ND not detectable
* Student independent sample t test was applied