Table 3.
Pathogen log reduction factors of the investigated manufacturing process steps
| Production step | Pathogen reduction factor [log10] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enveloped viruses | Non-enveloped viruses | Prion | ||||
| HIV-1 | PRV | BVDV | MEV | PPV | HAS 263K | |
| S/D treatment | ≥4.67 | ≥6.59 | ≥4.47 | Not applicable | ||
| Ion-exchange chromatography | Not done | 5.88 | 5.83 | ≥4.96 | ||
| Nanofiltration (20 nm) | ≥4.70 | ≥6.57 | ≥3.69 | ≥5.78 | 5.78 | ≥5.44 |
| Global reduction factor | ≥9.37 | ≥13.16 | ≥8.16 | ≥11.66 | 11.61 | ≥10.40 |
BVDV bovine viral diarrhea virus, HAS 263K hamster-adapted scrapie strain 263K, HIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus type 1, MEV mouse encephalomyelitis virus, PPV porcine parvovirus, PRV porcine pseudorabies virus, S/D solvent/detergent, ≥ indicates below the limit of detection,