Table 5.

Virus removal by nanofiltration

Pathogen	HIV-1		PRV		BVDV		MEV		PPV
Condition	Std	Rob	Std	Rob	Std	Rob	Std	Rob	Std	Rob
Starting material	6.06	5.58	8.38	8.17	6.36	6.76	8.09	8.59	9.03	8.94
Hold control pH 4, 37 °C	≤3.14	≤3.20	≤3.61	≤3.79	5.23	≤4.25	8.39	7.87	8.87	8.92
Hold control pH 7, 2–8 °C	6.06	6.12	8.03	7.93	6.66	6.34	8.15	8.35	8.93	8.62
Filtrate including post-wash	≤1.36	≤1.42	≤1.81	≤1.94	≤2.67	≤2.83	≤2.31	≤2.45	3.25	4.44
LRF	≥4.70	≥4.16a	≥6.57	≥6.23a	≥3.69	≥3.93a	≥5.78	≥6.14a	5.78	4.50a

Viral loads of the starting material, controls and filtrate sample are expressed as log₁₀ TCID₅₀

BVDV bovine viral diarrhea virus, HIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus type 1, LRF log reduction factor express as log₁₀, MEV mouse encephalomyelitis virus, PPV porcine parvovirus, PRV pseudorabies virus, Rob robustness, Std standard, TCID ₅₀ 50% tissue culture infectious dose, ≤ indicates below the limit of detection

^aStop criterion reached