Table 2.
The quality assessment of included studies
| Study | Random sequence | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Loss of following-up | Intent-to-treat analysis | Selective reporting | Other sources of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nordling 2005 [9] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Chapple et al. 2011 [10] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Narayan et al. 1998 [11] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Oelke et al. 2012 [12] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Lepor 1998 [13] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Kawabe et al. 2006 [14] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Yokoyama et al. 2013 [15] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Yes | Yes | Low | Unclear |
| Kim 2016a) | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High |
IPSS, International Prostate Symptoms Score.
a)
American Urological Association 2016 abstract, a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in Korean men.